Pediatric exposure

Shea, K.M. (2003). Pediatric exposure and potential toxicity of phthalate plasticizers, American Academy of Pediatrics, Technical Report, Pediatrics, 111, 6, 1467-1474. 

Pediatric injury and illness patterns following exposure to explosive, radiologic, biological, and chemical agents may be different from those in adults. Treatment for pediatric exposure to radiologic, biological, and chemical agents may be different than those for adults. 

Pediatric exposures to vesicants can be quite toxic however, in contrast to nerve agent exposures, HD causes significantly greater morbidity than mortality. While mustard did not cause many deaths in WWI, death from HD exposure is usually due to massive pulmonary damage complicated by infection (bronchopneumonia) and sepsis. Children often show a quicker onset and greater severity of toxicity. Skin and eye toxicity occurs in the form of blisters or irritation that can result in blindness for the most severe cases. Except for lewisite, vesicant exposures must be managed with supportive care and rapid decontamination. 

Black AC, Jones S, Yanovitch TL, Enyedi LB, Stinnett SS, Freedman SF. Latanoprost in pediatric glaucoma—pediatric exposure over a decade. J AAPOS 2009 113 558-62. 

There are no biomarkers of exposure or effect that have been validated in children. There are no data on interactions of endosulfan with other chemicals in children, and the existing data in adults are inadequate to determine whether the same effects will be observed in children. There are no pediatric-specific... 

The aminosalicylates, azathioprine, 6-MP, and infliximab are all viable options for treatment and maintenance of IBD in pediatric patients. Use of immunosuppressive therapy or infliximab may help reduce overall corticosteroid exposure. 

Other printed materials can be used alone or in conjunction with oral education. Newsletters are published regularly and can be used to convey information addressing specific treatment issues. For example, a newsletter article might address current treatment approaches for pediatric asthma. Because newsletters also contain information that may be of general interest to practitioners and patients, they can have broad exposure. Brochures and booklets can be used to communicate a focused message in an efficient manner. These materials typically are given to people who are expected to have an interest in the topic within. 

Hughes JM Tulane University, New Orleans, LA Determinants of lead exposure hypertension and pediatric respiratory diseases in relation to lead exposure National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences... 

American Academy of Pediatrics. 1995. Treatment guidelines for lead exposure in children. Pediatrics 96(1) 155-160. 

Bellinger DC, Leviton A, Rabinowitz M, et al. 1986b. Correlates of low-level lead exposure in urban children at two years of age. Pediatrics 77 826-833. 

Bellinger DC, Sloman J, Leviton A, et al. 1991. Low-level lead exposure and children s cognitive function in the preschool years. Pediatrics 87 219-227. 

Bellinger DC, Stiles KM, Needleman HL. 1992. Low-level lead exposure, intelligence and academic achievement A long-term follow-up study. Pediatrics 90 855-861. 

Chisolm JJ Jr, Harrison HE. 1956. The exposure of children to lead. Pediatrics 18 943-958. 

Clark CS, Bomschein RL, Succop P, et al. 1985. Conditions and type of housing as an indicator of potential environmental lead exposure and pediatric blood lead levels. Environ Res 38 46-53. 

Dietrich KN, Berger OG, Succop PA. 1993b. Lead exposure and the motor development status of urban six-year-old children in the Cincinnati Prospective study. Pediatrics 91 301-307. 

Dietrich KN, Krafft KM, Bomschein RL, et al. 1987a. Low-level fetal lead exposure effect on neurobehavioral development in early infancy. Pediatrics 80 721-730. 

Koo WWR, Succop PA, Bomschcin RL, et al. 1991. Serum vitamin D metabolites and bone mineralization in young children with chronic low to moderate lead exposure. Pediatrics 87 680-687. 

Shukla R, Bomschein RL, Dietrich KN, et al. 1989. Fetal and infant lead exposure Effects on growth in stature. Pediatrics 84 604-612. 

Shukla R, Dietrich KN, Bomschein RL, et al. 1991. Lead exposure and growth in the early preschool child A follow-up report from the Cincinnati lead study. Pediatrics 88 886-892. 

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