Pectins starch

Preparation of pectin or pectin-starch mixtures Nutritional and technical applications... 

The properties of various film-forming polysaccharides, such as alginates, pectins, starches, dextrins, cellulose, carrageenan, gums, chitosans and their derivatives have been investigated for a long time and reviewed by Nisperos-Carriedo (1994). Then-wide uses in the food industry have been favoured by their abundance, variability and low-cost, and are summarized in Tables 23.2(a) and (b). 

Fishman, M.L., Coffin, D.R., Konstance, R.P., and Onwulata, C.I. (2000). Extrusion of pectin/ starch blends plasticized with glycerol. Carbohydrate Polymers. 41(4), 317-325. 

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH. Starch is a substance used for storing energy reserve in plants, where it is deposited in the form of starch granules. Starch may be noticed in fruit juice as a milky haze. This haze disappears when the juice is heated, but re-appears after it is cooled to less than 10°C. Like pectin, starch has a protective colloid effect on suspended particles and thus makes juice clarification more difficult. 

Extrusion is a cost effective manufacturing process. Extrusion is popularly used in large scale production of food, plastics and composite materials. Most widely used thermoplastics are processed by extrusion method. Many biopolymers and their composite materials with petroleum-based polymers can also be extruded. These include pectin/starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (Fishman et al. 2004), poly(lactic acid)/sugar beet pulp (Liu et al. 2005c), and starch/poly(hydroxyl ester ether) (Otey et al. 1980), etc. In this study, composite films of pectin, soybean flour protein and an edible synthetic hydrocolloid, poly(ethylene oxide), were extruded using a twin-screw extruder, palletized and then processed into films by compression molding process or blown film extrusion. The films were analyzed for mechanical and structural properties, as well as antimicrobial activity. 

Coffin, D. R., Fishman, M. L. 1993. Viscoelastic Properties of Pectin/Starch Blends. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 41, pp. 1192-1197. 

Contrary to low molecular-weight sugars, polysaccharides (celluloses, pectins, starch), do not specially contribute to flavor formation during the roasting of coffee, but they are the most important aromabinding agents in the beverage (Maier, 1976 Maier and Krause, 1977). 

UF can remove the colloidal haze in apple juice (due to pectins, starch or protein) while all the sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and flavors (sorbital, esters, organic acids) freely permeate the membrane. In the process, all bacteria are removed to produce a clear "sparkling" apple juice which has a long shelf life. 

Since cellnlose, the pectins, starch, lignin, and proteins— the so-called strnctnral components of tobacco—are organic compounds, that is, contain carbon, with one or more of the... 

Conversion of Pectins, Starch, and Cellulose to Specific Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols during Smoking... 

Fishmatm ML, Coffin D R. 19%, Pectin/starch/glycerol films blends or composites J. Macromol. ScL Pure Appl. Chem., A33 (5) 639-654... 

Pectins, starch, and various sugars - Like mucilage and gums, these are related to carbohydrate groups and are used as additives in drag formulations. 

Cell contents (soluble in neutral detergent) Cell wall constituents (fibre insoluble in neutral detergent) Lipids Sugars, organic acids and water-soluble matter Pectin, starch Non-protein nitrogen Soluble protein... 

The main natural biomaterials for bioplastics are proteins, cellulose derivatives, alginates, pectins, starch and other polysaccharides. The solubility in water of the polysaccharide film is advantageous in situations where the film is consumed with the product, resulting in little change in the food s sensory properties. " Edible films based on proteins, polysaccharides or lipids minimize special care with the final package and increase food quality. ... 

In this book Song et al (10) described a novel nucleation and mineral growth process to produce a bone-like biomineral con site. The crosslinked gelatin-chitosan blend made by Payne et al fi/J may perhaps be used as biomimetic soft tissue or for bioencapsulation. The sorbitol-based polyesters synthesized by Mei at al (27) and Kulshrestha et al (26) may possibly find applications in tissue engineering. Biswas et al (13) described the preparation and the mechanical properties of modified zein. Fishman et al (12) made pectin-starch and pectin-poly(vinyl alcohol) blends and found them to be strong, flexible films. 

Biodegradable Films from Pectin-Starch and Pectin-Poly(vinyl alcohol)... 

Our work has focused on high methoxyl pectin. In our studies we have investigated the preparation of plasticized and unplasticized pectin films, both with starch and with poly(vinyl alcohol), and characterized them using dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile measurements, scanning electron microscopy, solubility, and Fourier transfer infirared spectroscopy (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). We have also investigated the extrusion and characterization of pectin/starch blends (11). 

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