Gelatin chitosan blends

Transglutaminases are acyl transfer enzymes that catalyzed the condensation of glutamine and lysine residues of proteins (51). They have been utilized for food processing. In this book a calcium-independent microbial transglutaminase has been used by Payne et al (11) to crosslink the protein in gelatin-chitosan blends... 

In this book Song et al (10) described a novel nucleation and mineral growth process to produce a bone-like biomineral con site. The crosslinked gelatin-chitosan blend made by Payne et al fi/J may perhaps be used as biomimetic soft tissue or for bioencapsulation. The sorbitol-based polyesters synthesized by Mei at al (27) and Kulshrestha et al (26) may possibly find applications in tissue engineering. Biswas et al (13) described the preparation and the mechanical properties of modified zein. Fishman et al (12) made pectin-starch and pectin-poly(vinyl alcohol) blends and found them to be strong, flexible films. 

Wong et al. (2010) smdied blends of natural and synthetic polymers with the aim of creating biomimetic materials for heart valve leaflets. They examined electrospun gelatin-chitosan PUR, polyglycoUde (PGA)/PLA and collagen-coated bovine pericardium. Ovine endothelial cells were seeded onto these materials and exposed to a range of shear stresses for a period of 1-3 h. 

Significant improvement of functional properties has been reported for fibers obtained from blends of chitin with various natural polymers such as cellulose, silk fibroin and glycosaminoglycans [48, 50, 51]. Fibers of chitosan blended with alginate, collagen and gelatin have been evaluated for wound dressing and artificial skin applications [52, 53, 108, 136]. 

Gelatin has been blended with chitosan to improve the biological activity since (i) it contains RGD-like sequences [52] that promote cell adhesion and migration, and (ii) it may form a polyelectrolyte complex with chitosan. Gelatin-chitosan scaffolds have been prepared in a crosslinked and uncrosslinked form and tested for the regeneration of various tissues including skin [17, 19], cartilage [104] and bone [40]. 

The use of other proteins, such as gelatin, collagen, etc., to prepare chitosan blended membranes was tried in a 7 3 ratio (chitosan protein) and the results were compared to the standard cellulose membranes. The permeability, as a function of time, of various molecules, such as urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose and albumin, through such membranes is shown in Figures 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, respectively. It appears that the protein blended membranes exhibited improved permeability properties with respect to small molecules compared to the standard cellulose membrane or bare chitosan. These protein blended membranes... 

Solvent evaporation, coacervation and emulsification are the main reported methods of preparation of Chitosan beads. Blended beads of chitosan have been widely researched. The applicability of chitosan/alginate microparticles, chitosan/xanthan microspheres [8] and chitosan/gelatin microspheres have also been reported [16]. 

T. M. 2009. Chitosan/gelatin blend membranes for pervaporation dehydration of 1,4-dioxane. Sep. Sci. Technol. 44 3202-3223. 

BenBettaieb et al. [188] displayed the effect of electron beam accelerator doses (0, 20, 40 and 60 kGy) on structural, mechanical and barrier properties of edible lightly plasticized chitosan-fish gelatin blend film. UV-vis analysis showed that all films displayed an absorbance peak between 280 and 385 nm. These peaks are shifted toward higher wavelengths after irradiation. This clearly showed some modifications in the interactions (hydrogen bonds, amide groups) between polymer chains induced by the irradiation. 

N. BenBettaieb, T. Karbowiak, S. Bomaz, F. Debeaufort, Spectroscopic analyses of the influence of electron beam irradiation doses on mechanical, transport properties and microstructure of chitosan-fish gelatin blend films. Food HydrocoUoids 46 (2015) 37-51. 

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles are osteoconductive bioactive ceramics that can support bone cell adhesion and proliferation and accelerate bone defects healing. HA is typically added to polymeric nanofibers to increase their mechanical strength. HA, often in the form of needle-like nanoparticles, was electrospun in the presence of synthetic biocompatible and biodegradable polymers such as PLA [5, 58-60] and PLA-PEG-PLA [61], natural polymers such as chitosan [62] and collagen [63, 64], and blends of natural and synthetic polymers such as PVA/chitosan [65] and PCL/gelatin [66]. 

Chiono V, Pulieri E, Vozzi G, Ciardelli G, Ahluwalia A, Giusti P (2008) Genipin-crosslinked chitosan/gelatin blends for biomedical applications. J Mater Sci Mater M... 

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