Pectin films

Schulte, T.H., Miers, J.C., Owens, H.S., and Maclay, W. (1949). Permeability of pectinate films to water vapor. J. Phys. Colloid Chem. 53, 13-20. 

Liu, L. S., Fishman, M. L., Hicks, K. B., Kende, M., Ruthel, G. 2006a. Pectin/Zein Beads for Potential Colon-Specific Drug Delivery Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation 13 417-423. Liu, L. S., Liu, C.-K., Finkenstadt, V. L., Jin, T. Z., Fishman, M. L., Hicks, K. B. 2006b. Pectin Films for Various Applications. Proceedings of the 35th United States - Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources PR31-34. 

Figure 7 Swelling of a tomato pectin film (a) as a /unction of ionic strength at an osmotic stress of 0.5 MPa (b) as a function of osmotic stress in 50 mM KCI (c) as a function of osmotic stress comparing K + and Ca2 counterions...

Mekkerdchoo, O., Patipasena, P, and Borompichaichartkul, C. 2009. Liposome encapsulation of antimicrobial extracts in pectin film for inhibition of food spoilage microorganisms. Asian J. Food Agro-Ind. 2 817-838. 

Anuar N. K., Wong T. W., Taib M. N. (2012). Microwave modified non-crossllnked pectin films with modulated drug release. 

While maintaining a 100/100 PVA/Fiber ratio, starch, glycerol, urea, and HMMM were introduced in the formulation. Starch was added in formulations to replace as much of PVA as possible without compromising the film properties. Addition of glycerol and urea softened the films as glycerol acted as a plasticizer for PVA in PVA/Starch or PVA/Pectin films °. Urea also had a similar plasticizing effect on PVA/SC blends and... 

Studies on pectin films were done as early as 1936 (i). Generally these studies involved derivatized pectins and the use of polyvalent cations such as calcium. Much of the work was on coatings for foods. Schultz et al. (2, 3) prepared films from low methoxyl (<11%) pectin and found that tensile strength for these films decreased with increasing methoxyl level. The films all had similar tensile strengths on the order of 90 MPa with and without added calcium. More recently. Hind et al. (4) studied blends of pectin and (carboxymethyl) cellulose for use as cigarette papas. 

Our work has focused on high methoxyl pectin. In our studies we have investigated the preparation of plasticized and unplasticized pectin films, both with starch and with poly(vinyl alcohol), and characterized them using dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile measurements, scanning electron microscopy, solubility, and Fourier transfer infirared spectroscopy (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). We have also investigated the extrusion and characterization of pectin/starch blends (11). 

Solutions of pectin/poly(vinyl alcohol) and the cast films thereof were prepared in a fashion similar to that of pectin films (8, 10), The solutions were... 

Figure I. Effect of glycerol level and temperature on the storage modulus of pectin films (9). (Reproduced from reference 9. Copyright 1996.)...

Figure 3. Oxygen transmission rates of pectin films (tOO pm) with different amounts of nanoclay. Up-scaling the Production with Roll-to-roll Pilot Line...

Natamycin release from algi-nate/pectin films for food packaging applications. J. Food Eng., 110 (1), 18-25. 

Di Pierro, R, Rossi Marquez, G., Mariniello, L.,Sorrentino, A, Villalonga, R, and Porta, R (2013). Effect of transglutaminase on the mechanical and barrier properties of whey protein/pectin films prepared at complexation pH,/ Agric Food Chem., 61(19), 4593-4598. 

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