Patterson INDEX

ROCK C L, THORNQUIST M D, KRISTAL A R, PATTERSON R E, COOPER D A, NEUHOUSER M L, neumark-sztainer D and cheskin l j (1999), Demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors differentially explain variability in serum carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins baseline results from the sentinel site of the Olestra Post-Marketing Surveillance Study , J Nutr, 129(4), 855-64. rodale (1996), The Prevention Index - a report card on the nation s health, 1996 summary report. Rodale Press, Inc, Emmaus, Pennsylvania. SANDLER R S, ZORICH N L, FILLOON T G, WISEMAN H B, LIETZ D J, BROCK M H, ROYER M G and MIDAY R K (1999), Gastrointestinal symptoms in 3181 volunteers ingesting snack foods containing olestra or triglycerides , Annals Internal Med, 130, 253-61. 

Even without having the stmcture factor phases, e.g. from electron microscopy images, it is possible to get some insight into the atomic architecture of a crystal. A simple but powerful method to get this information was introduced hy A.L. Patterson about 70 years ago. Following Patterson the Fourier synthesis is carried out using the squared stmcture factor amplitudes Fha which are equal to the measured intensities for the reflections with index hkl. Moreover, all phase values must be set to zero, which leads to the following (auto-correlation) function ... 

Figure 14.35, for example, shows the real (n) and imaginary (k) parts of the index of refraction (17 = n — ki) of three samples of dust collected in the Barbados, but thought to be transported from the Sahara Desert (Volz, 1973), from Afghanistan (Sokolik et al., 1993), and from Whitehill, Texas, in the southwestern United States (Patterson, 1981), respectively (Sokolik et al., 1998). Regions of absorption in the infrared due to some common dust components are also shown the asymmetric C-O stretch of carbonate in calcite near 7 gm seen in the Texas dust, the asymmetric Si-O-Si... 

The dipole moments and structures of the org azides and aliphatic diazo compds were studied by Sidgwick et al (Ref 4). Sheinker Syrkin (Ref 13) made vibrational spectra measurements of org azides and deduced the configuration of azide compds. UV spectra confirmed the observations made on Raman and IR spectra. Heats of combustion and formation of org azides were detd by Murrin Carpenter (Ref 16). Patterson et al (Ref 7) discussed the CA method of naming and indexing org azides. For addnl info and discussion of org azides see the general references (Refs 1,2,3,5,8,10 A 12)... 

In 1928, A. M. Patterson, later one of the authors of the Ring Index, wrote Any attempt to construct a strictly logical system of names for the large number of parent ring systems now known seems impractical, at least as far as common use is concerned. 7 This sentiment is no less applicable today. For heterocycles in particular, the number of trivial names in current use is large. In the 1969 IUPAC Rules,6 63 trivially named heterocyclic skeletons with various degrees of unsaturation are listed, with a further 25 in the 1973 Tentative Rules (Section D).8 Chemical Abstracts nomenclature rules list 83 such skeletons with maximum unsaturation, many of which are not included by IUPAC. Thus, although systematic operations are often required to derive the name of a heterocyclic skeleton, the parent names to which these operations are applied are frequently trivial. 

JA thorough summary of names and numbering systems has been published by A. M. Patterson, L. T. Capell, and D. F. Walker, Ring Index, 2nd ed., American Chemical Society, 1960. Less complete but useful summaries are given in various handbooks of chemistry. 

The overall style of the index follows that used in Chemical Abstracts and in The Ring Index by Patterson et al., but in order to keep the size of the index within reasonable bounds, only systems containing up to four fused rings are included. For the same reason a limit on individual ring size in any system has been placed at 10 atoms. 

Patterson, A.M., and Capell, L.T., The Ring Index, New York, Reinhold Publishing... 

Patterson and Capell The Ring Index, Reinhold Publishing Cor-... 

The 1,2,5-thiadiazole nucleus is numbered as in 4. The hydrogenated forms (5 and 6) are referred to as 1,2,5-thiadiazoline and 1,2,5-thiadia-zolidine according to the Patterson Ring Index. The benzo derivatives are numbered as in 7 and are named 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole though much of the early literature makes use of the name piazthiole. In an apparent confusion with the numbering system of the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole some modem authors have used the name 2,1,3-thiadiazole in reference to the monocyclic derivatives. 

Patterson et al. (1982) have studied the optical properties of the ash from the El Chichon in the wavelength region 300-700 nm. The samples were collected on the ground at various distances from the volcano. In the absence of in-situ data the refractive index for the stratospheric silicate was given as n = 1.53 — 0.001 j. 

Crane, Patterson, and Man (7) list abstract journals and annual reviews in specific branches of chemistry and give excellent advice on how to use both subject and author indexes. 

The above is just an indication of the use of indexes. More detailed information on this important subject is given in the chapter on indexes in the A Guide to the Literature of Chemistry by Crane, Patterson, and Man (10). The more one uses an index the more one learns about it, particularly if the index is approached receptively. The importance of indexing and the part it plays in giving information can be judged by the finding of Crane (9) that 700 words of indexing are necessary for each 1000 words of abstract. 

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