Pathological culture

A safety culture is a culture that constantly seeks and learns from failure and also from anticipating failure, using mental simulations of possible failure scenarios. Figure 4.1 adapts the work of Westrum (1992) and oudines three different organizational cultures. These cultures are differentiated by how they use information pathological culture, a bureaucratic culture, and a generative culture. A culture of safety is generative relative to its pursuit of information and its use of information. 

Accidents and near misses are dealt with in an isolated, local fashion, and lessons from failures are not shared across the organization. Bureaucratic cultures differ from pathological cultures in that reporters are not punished, but organizations with bureaucratic cultures do not know what to do with new ideas. Most health care organizations are bureaucratic (Westrum, 1992). 

Harrison, B.D. Mayo, M.A. (1983). The use of protoplasts in plant virus research. In Use of Tissue Culture and Protoplasts in Plant Pathology, ed. J.P. Hegelson and B.J. Deverall, pp. 69-129. New York Academic Press. 

Piller SC, Jans P, Gage PW, Jans DA (1998) Extracellular HIV-1 virus protein R causes a large inward current and cell death in cultured hippocampal neurons implications for AIDS pathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 4595-4600... 

Evidence from cellular studies in vitro initially showed how oxidative processes could play a central role in the pathological changes involved in the genesis of atherosclerosis. LDL can be oxidatively modified in culture by a range of cell types including endothelial cells (Henriksen et a.1., 1981), arterial smooth muscle cells... 

A definitive diagnosis of IE would consist of a biopsy or culture directly from pathologic specimens from the endocardium. However, this would be a highly invasive test. Therefore,... 

Van Nostrand WE, Melchor JP, Ruffini L. Pathologic amyloid beta-protein cell surface fibril assembly on cultured human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells. J Neurochem 1998 70 216-223. 

Rose, N. (2000), The biology of culpability pathological identity and crime control in a biological culture , Theoretical Criminology, 4, 5-43-... 

Chelators of iron, which are now widely applied for the treatment of patients with thalassemia and other pathologies associated with iron overload, are the intravenous chelator desferal (desferrioxamine) and oral chelator deferiprone (LI) (Figure 19.23, see also Chapter 31). Desferrioxamine (DFO) belongs to a class of natural compounds called siderophores produced by microorganisms. The antioxidant activity of DFO has been studied and compared with that of synthetic hydroxypyrid-4-nones (LI) and classic antioxidants (vitamin E). It is known that chronic iron overload in humans is associated with hepatocellular damage. Therefore, Morel et al. [370] studied the antioxidant effects of DFO, another siderophore pyoverdin, and hydroxypyrid-4-ones on lipid peroxidation in primary hepatocyte culture. These authors found that the efficacy of chelators to inhibit iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes decreased in the range of DFO > hydroxypyrid-4-ones > pyoverdin. It seems that other siderophores are also less effective inhibitors of lipid peroxidation than DFO [371],... 

Eompre Cultured cells are a useful model for pathology. If you want to see what is happening in atherosclerosis, for example, it is very difficult to work on the atherosclerotic plaque, because there are many cell types involved. In culture you can reproduce some of the events. For example, we have done balloon injury in the rat, and we lose RyRs when cells proliferate in situ. 

Medical waste has been a growing concern because of recent incidents of public exposure to discarded blood vials, needles (sharps), empty prescription botdes, and syringes. Medical waste can typically include general refuse, human blood and blood products, cultures and stocks of infectious agents, laboratory animal carcasses, contaminated bedding material, and pathological wastes. 

Chatteijee et al., 1984 Sens et al., 1988), and cyclosporine (TrifiUis et al., 1984). Studies reported by Tay et al. (1988) in rabbit proximal tubule cultures with cisplatin revealed biochemical effects upon DNA synthetic activty that correlated with in vivo histochemical effects of this antitumor agent in animals. With respect to studies involving mercuric chloride and aminoglycoside antibiotics in primary renal cultures, light and electron microscopy revealed similar patterns of cellular pathology in vitro as compared to in vivo exposure in animals (Chatteijee et al., 1984 Aleo et al., 1987). 

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