Patents patentability requirements

We have not indicated the reagents employed in the reactions by which ethylene and propene are converted to the compounds shown Because of patent requirements different companies often use different processes Although the processes may be different they share the common characteristic of being extremely efficient The industrial chemist faces the challenge of producing valuable materials at low cost Success in the industrial environment re quires both an understanding of chemistry and an... 

Since impurities can affect both the polymerisation reaction and the properties of the finished product (particularly electrical insulation properties and resistance to heat aging) they must be rigorously removed. In particular, carbon monoxide, acetylene, oxygen and moisture must be at a very low level. A number of patents require that the carbon monoxide content be less than 0.02%. 

As discussed in detail above, essential patentability requirements are novelty and inventiveness with respect to the prior art. In filing a patent application, it is therefore desirable that its content as claimed is at least novel with respect to the prior art. The question of whether an invention is obvious, considering the prior art, is often difficult to assess and should be subject to discussion with the corresponding patent authority. To avoid inventing subject matter already included in the prior art, inventors should have a clear knowledge and understanding of the state of... 

Last, the use of a laboratory notebook should be controlled, for example, by a central department. Under no circumstances should it be treated as a freely available publication. This would be in conflict with the above-discussed patentability requirements of novelty and inventiveness. 

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the importance and practical procedures of patenting in biotechnology. Special attention is drawn to the patentability requirements under the European and U.S. patent law. Practical guidelines are given to researchers aiming to protect their inventions by patents. This chapter should not, however, be used as a substitute for the advice of a lawyer or patent attorney taking into consideration the reader s specific circumstances. 

Brazilian Law 9279/96. According to the latter provision, all or part of living things are not patentable, except transgenic microorganisms that meet the three patentability requirements (novelty, inventive step, and industrial application) set forth in Article 8 of the law and that are not mere discoveries. 

Poland strict technical character of the patent required. 

A form of prior art commonly encountered is previously issued patents. The discovery of a relevant patent cannot only affect the patentability of a subsequent invention, but can also raise the possibility of infringement of the patent by the subsequent inventor. These considerations are often independent and must be addressed separately. The freedom to patent a new invention over a prior patent requires scrutiny of everything disclosed in the prior patent. The most relevant portion of the prior patent for this purpose is its specification (the text preceding the patent claims), since the specification often contains description or disclosure that does not appear or is not reflected in the claims, or is peripheral to the invention appearing in the claims. The freedom to practice a new invention requires scrutiny of the claims of the prior patent, and is achieved when the new invention avoids fully meeting the recitations in each of the claims. 

It is hereby certified that error appears in the.printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below. 

The idea of pressure equalization was first suggested in a patent granted to Marsh et al. in 1964 (Marsh et al., 1964). The process described in the patent required an empty tank in addition to the two beds used in the Skarstrom cycle. The tank was used to store a portion of the compressed gas from a saturated bed, and the gas was used to later purge the same bed. The primary objective was to recover the components contained in the compressed gas. The pressure equalization step, as it is currently used in commercial processes, was disclosed in the patents to Berlin (1966) and Wagner (1969). Four- to five-bed arrangements were given by Wagner. No empty tanks are required in this process. 

An apparently similar technology is claimed as a system in USP 8,210,189, Mouser, W.L, Manchester, R., Barrett, W., and Bergman, F, Method, Apparatus, and System for Bi-solvent Based Cleaning of Precision Component, July 3, 2012 assigned to Crest Ultrasonics Corp. Claim 3 of this patent requires " at least one of the first solvent [the SA and the... 

Continuous polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene by bulk polymerization has also been reported. The process of this patent requires relatively high pressure (41-690 MPa) and temperature (200-400°C). These reaction conditions are quite severe compared to those used for batch polymerization. This patent discloses an amorphous polymer consisting of three comonomers, for example ... 

Apart from the complete patent number patent countries are searchable in an extra field Patent Country (PC). EP and PCT patents require the additional searching of the field Designated States (DS). The field contains all the countries, where patent protection was sought for EP and PCTi2 patents. 

The Octane Requirement Increase, ORI, is a phenomenon manifested by the appearance of knocking and is due to the increase in engine octane demand with time. This phenomenon is correlated with the increase of solid deposits in the combustion chamber. Although the causes have not been determined with certainty, some companies have patented additives which modify the deposits. The effect is to limit the increase in octane demand (Bert et al., 1983 Chevron, 1988 Nelson et al., 1989). 

The required resolution for the powder coating thickness measurement problem is about 5 microns. Therefore a processing time unit of 0.08 ps (12.5 MHz) seemed to be ok (compare line 2 in table 1). First results based on real measurement are documented in Fig. 7. and are very promising result. Today corresponding patent is pending [7]. 

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