Patch allergens

Marks JG Jr, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA, Fowler JF Jr, Fransway AF, Maibach HI, Mathias CG, Pratt MD, Rietschel RL, Sherertz EF, Storrs FJ, Taylor JS North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 38 911— 918. 

Kimber, I., Hilton, J. and Botam, P. A., Identification of contact allergens using the murine local lymph node assay comparison with the Buehler occluded patch test in guinea pigs, J. ofAppl. Toxicol., 10, 173, 1990. 

The most frequent causes of allergic contact dermatitis in the United States include plants (poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac), metallic salts, organic dyes, plastic resins, rubber additives, and germicides.74 The most common skin patch test allergens found to be positive in patients along with potential sources of exposure are shown in Table 32.1.75 In patients with occupational contact dermatitis who were skin patch tested, the common allergens included carba mix, thiuram mix, formaldehyde, epoxy resin, and nickel.76... 

Allergic contact dermatitis developed on the hands and face of two patients after exposure to latex examination gloves. Both patients were patch test negative to the usual rubber allergens, but both had a positive test reaction to TBBC. 

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL TRIALS Allergenic activity. Oleoresin powder, administered externally to adults, was active. Reactions to patch test occurred most commonly in patients who were regularly exposed to the substance, or who already had dermatitis on the fingertips. Previously unexposed patients had few reactions (i.e., no irritant reactions... 

FDA Guidance for Industry on the Content and Format of Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls and Establishment Description Information for Allergenic Extract or Allergen Patch Test (April 1999)... 

Phenyl glycidyl ether has been recognized as a contact allergen using patch tests on exposed workers from various factories who developed dermatitis and dermatosis (lARC, 1989). 

A 57-year old Caucasian man with inflammatory bowel disease was given prednisolone metasulfobenzoate sodium enemas twice daily and oral mesalazine 800 mg tds for about 5 months, without improvement. He stopped using the prednisolone enemas but continued to take mesalazine. Within 48 hours of stopping prednisolone his symptoms resolved completely. The theoretical possibility of contact allergy was entertained. Patch tests with a standard battery of contact allergens, including tixocortol pivalate and budesonide, were ++ positive with budesonide. At follow up 3 months later he was symptom free. 

Several children and one adult who had previous injections of vaccines or allergens in an aluminum-based vehicle showed hypersensitivity to aluminum chloride in a patch test (Bohler-Sommeregger and Lindemayr 1986 Veien et al. 1986). Dermal hypersensitivity to aluminum appears to be rare in humans. 

Taking the history of the patient and noting the clinical symptoms and localization of the lesions are critical. Allergen identification for a patient with a possible contact allergy to cosmetics is performed by means of patch testing with the standard series, specific cosmetic-test series, the product itself, and all of its ingredients. We can only find the allergens we look for. For skin tests with cosmetic products... 

Katsarou, A., Kalogeromitros, D., Armenaka, M., Koufou, V., Davou, E., and Koumantaki, E., Trends in the results of patch testing to standard allergens over the period 1984—1995, Contact Dermatitis, 37, 245, 1997. 

Berne, B. and Ros, A.M., 7 years experience of photo-patch testing with sunscreen allergens in Sweden, Contact Dermatitis, 38, 61, 1998. 

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