Paste moisture content

Water will absorb its latent heat of vaporization fi om the pyrolysis reactions until all the water is vaporized. This serves to remove heat from the pyrolysis zone, thereby slowing down the pyrolysis reactions. This is demonstrated in the increased ignitability of very dry woods and forest fuels compared to woods and fuels with high moisture contents. However, Browne and Tang (41) and others 42-48) have demonstrated with TG and DTA that, after the water is lost, the pyrolysis of wood occurs and is independent of the past moisture content of the wood. 

The highest oxidation rate is observed within the humidity range 7—9%. On curing, the paste moisture content remains within this range only for a short period of time. The process of... 

Oxidation rate of residual free metallic lead vs. paste moisture content [2]. 

Several physical properties of concrete and primarily the volume changes, are strongly related to the moisture content. The close similarity can be noticed when comparing the paste moisture content curves vs water vapour pressure, as well as the shrinkage of sample vs time [39],... 

Pasted plate weight and paste moisture content check... 

Fig. 8. Drying time and rate profiles for leather pasted on glass plates and dried in two temperature stages. Gas velocity = 5 m/s in parallel flow, 71°C in the first stage, 57°C in the second. The falling rate, drying rate is proportional to residual moisture content.

Liquid Diffusion The movement of liquids by diffusion in soUds is restricted to the equihbrium moisture content below the point of atmospheric saturation and to systems in which moisture and solid are mutually soluble. The first class apphes to the last stages in the diying of clays, starches, flour, textiles, paper, and wood the second class includes the diying of soaps, glues, gelatins, and pastes. 

Several researchers emphasized that compost is also an excellent material to use to prevent the acidification and the deterioration of soil productivity [8, 51-54]. Several factors including moisture content, temperature, aeration rate, and carbon to nitrogen ratio have direct influence on composting process, which has been reviewed in detail in the past. 

In subsequent studies to determine the most appropriate water level for hydrating cowpea meal produced from the 1.0 mm screen, sufficient water was added to the meal to adjust the moisture content to 56, 58, or 60% (H). Preliminary studies had shown that a 54% water level produced a batter that was too thick for whipping, dispensing, and frying, and a 62% water level was too thin. Traditional paste made from soaked peas contains about 61% water and has a viscosity value after whipping of about 302 poise. By comparison, the viscosity of paste made from hydrated cowpea meal was 578 poise at the 56% water level, 441 poise at the 58% water level, and 333 poise at the 60% level. The 60% water level produced paste with flow properties and a cooked product with physical characteristics more like the traditional product than the other water levels. 

Sensory attributes of akara made from the 1 mm screen flour hydrated to a 60% moisture content before cooking were acceptable when compared to traditional akara (H). A major difference in akara prepared from hydrated meal and that prepared from traditional paste is in the fat content of the cooked product. On a dry weight basis, traditional akara contains about 38% fat whereas akara made from meal hydrated to a 60% moisture content contains 29% fat. A frequent comment made by sensory panelists is that akara made from meal has a drier texture and mouthfeel than traditional akara. 

The direct combustion of wood and other plant matter has been a primary energy source in the past. Any type of biomass can be burned to produce heat or steam to turn a generator or perform mechanical work. Direct combustion is used in large power plants that produce up to 400 megawatts. Most direct combustion systems can use any type of biomass as long as the moisture content is less than 60%. Wood and wood residues are commonly used along with a number of other agricultural residues. 

Plastic clay is dried to a moisture content of less than 5% and stemming material is made from it by mixing four parts by weight of the clay with one part by weight of water. The mixture is stirred carefully until a uniform paste is obtained. 

A soft extract is produced initially as a liquid extract but the concentration stage is continued until the resultant extract has the moisture content of 30% or less. The extract has the texture of a thick paste or viscous syrup and is usually dark brown in colour and often caramelised in flavour. 

The moisture content of samples, in equilibrium, in the ESEM is varied at constant temperature (10°C), while lowering the pressure in the ESEM chamber from 9 torr to 2 torr. At the same time, relative humidity varies from 100% to 20%. The created chamber climate induces evaporation of the unbound (free) water in the cement paste (CP) samples without or with an embedded aggregate (to model simple concrete). It has been observed that curing conditions, sample age, water/cement (w/c) ratio, the presence of an aggregate, as well as the value of the RH, gives rise to different drying behaviour of the... 

Operators traditionally use coal, gas, or oil, whichever is the cheapest fuel in their area, as the supplemental fuel. For the past 15 years, however, some paper mills have used TDF commercially or on a test basis in hog-fuel boilers.2 The consistent Btu value and low moisture content of TDF in combination with its low cost in comparison to other supplemental fuels make TDF an especially attractive alternative fuel in this industry. 

Heat-moisture treated starch, sometimes called Tao starch in Thailand, is prepared from cassava starch by heating moistened starch (—50% moisture content) at various temperatures and times. Heat-moisture treatment provides a modified starch that produces a less cohesive, shorter-textured paste with improved shear resistance and gel properties, as compared to the long, stringy, cohesive paste of native tapioca starch. 

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