Particle beam mass spectrometry

R. M. Marce, H. Prosen, C. Crespo, M. Calull, R Boirull and U. A. Th Brinkman, Online ti ace enrichment of polar pesticides in environmental waters by reversed-phase liquid cliromatography-diode array detection-particle beam mass spectrometry , J. Chromatogr. 696 63-74 (1995). 

C. Aguilar, R Bomtll and R. M. Marce, Determination of pesticides by on-line trace enrichment-reversed-phase liquid cliromatogr aphy-diode-array detection and confirmation by particle-beam mass spectrometry , Chromatographia 43 592-598 (1996). 

See footnote cto Table3 LC/PB/MS = hquid chromatography/particle beam mass spectrometry LC/APcl/ESl-MS/MS = liquid chromtography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry LC/FTIR = Fourier transform infrared LC/TSP-MS/MS = liquid chromatography/thermospray tandem mass spectrometry LC/TSP-MS = liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry. 

T.A. Bellar, T.D. Behymer and W.L. Budde, Investigation of enhanced ion abundances from a carrier process in high-performance liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1 (1990) 92-98. 

Di Corcia and Marchetti [160] determined chlorinated phenoxy acid and ester type herbicides in amounts down to lmg kg-1 or lower in soil by liquid chromatography combined with particle beam mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption spectrometry. 

Kim et al. [161] used particle beam mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption spectrometry as detectors in a method for the determination of down to lppm of chlorinated phenoxy and ester herbicides in soil. 

Wilkes, J.G. Freeman, J.P. Heinze, T.M. Lay, J.O., Jr. Vestal, M.L. AC Corona-Discharge Aerosol-Neutralization Device Adapted to Liquid Chromatogra-phy/Particle Beam/Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Common. Mass Spectrom. 1995, 9, 138-142. 

Selected methods for determining vitamin K in a variety of foods are summarized in Table 13. The photodiode array detector lacks the required sensitivity for identifying phylloquinone in foods other than green leafy vegetables. Careri et al. (248) reported on the use of particle beam mass spectrometry for the determination and unequivocal identification of phylloquinone in some vegetable samples. The proposed LC-MS method permitted phylloquinone assay at levels down to 0.1 yug/g with high specificity. 

M Careri, A Mangia, P Manini, N Taboni. Determination of phylloquinone (vitamin K,) by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and with particle beam-mass spectrometry. Fre-senius J Anal Chem 355 48-56, 1996. 

M Careri, R Cilloni, MT Lugari, P Manini. Analysis of water-soluble vitamins by high-performance liquid chromatography-particle beam-mass spectrometry. Anal Commun 33 159-162, 1996. 

MC Carson, MA Ngoh, SW Hadley. Confirmation of multiple tetracycline residues in milk and oxytetracycline in shrimp by liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 712 113-128, 1998. 

C Aguilar, I Ferrer, F Borrull, RM Marce, D Barcelo. Comparison of automated on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and particle beam mass spectrometry for the determination of a priority group of pesticides in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 794 147-163, 1998. 

H. Bagheri, J. Slobodnik, R. M. Marce Recasens, R. T. Ghijsen and U. A. Th Brinkman, Liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry for identification of unknown pollutants in water , Chromatographia 37 159-167 (1993). 

Chlorinated [407,408] and 2,4-dinitrophenoxy acid herbicides [409] have been determined. liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry has been used as an analytical finish [408]. Crescenzi et al. [410] evaluated the feasibility of selectively and rapidly extracting herbicide residues in soils by hot water and collecting analytes with a Carbograph 4 solid-phase extraction cartridge set on-line with the extraction cell. Phenoxy acid herbicides and those non-acidic and acidic herbicides that are often used in combination with phenoxy acids were selected for this study. Five soil samples were... 

Target Compound Analysis with Liquid Chromatogranhy/Particle Beam Mass Spectrometry. 

Table I. Practical quantitation limits (PQL, ng injected), correlation coefficients (R2 and quadratic regression parameters (a and b) of 21 compounds with electron impact, and positive and negative chemical ionization (methane) Particle Beam mass spectrometry, direct flow injection with full scan mode...

As a soft ionization technique thermospray mass spectrometry often provides little fragmentation of molecular species. More importantly from the viewpoint of a metabolism chemist, thermospray accomplishes desorption ionization of extremely low vapor pressure analytes including intact glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. As demonstrated in the chapter by Brown and Draper in this proceedings, particle beam mass spectrometry does not have this capability. 

Gremm, T.J. and F.H. Frimmel. 1994. Application of liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the identification of metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chromatographia 38 781-788. 

Kim, I.S., F.I. Sasins, R.D. Stephens, J. Wang, and M.A. Brown. 1991. Determination of chlorinated phenoxy acid and ester herbicides in soil and water by liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Anal. Chem. 63 819-823. 

Lehman, P.A. Franz, T.J. A sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatography/particle beam/mass spectrometry assay for the determination of all-trans-retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid in human plasma. J.Pharm.Sci., 1996, 85, 287-290... 

Kim, 1. S., Sasinos, F. 1., Stephens, R. D., and Brown, M. A., Anion-exchange chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry for the characterization of aromatic sulfonic acids as the major organic pollutants in leachates from StringfeUow, California, Environ. Sci. Technol, 24,1832-1836, 1990. 

Brown, M. A., I. S. Kim, S. Fassil L, and R. D. Stephens. 1990. Analysis of target and nontarget pollutants in aqueous and hazardous waste samples by liquid chromatography/particle beam mass spectrometry. ACS Symp. Ser. 420 198-214. 

Cappiello s research group applied micro-HPLC to the screening of water samples for pesticide contamination. With electron ionization mass spectrometric detection and the use of two microcolumns packed with a Cig silica-based stationary phase, they performed the preconcentration of water samples and successfully detected trace levels of pollutants in similar samples. They also showed that ion-interaction micro-HPLC on a Cig stationary phase with hexylamine as the ion-pair reagent and coupling to particle beam mass spectrometry could be successfully used for the analysis of herbicides ranging from acidic species such as... 

Figure 3 SPE-LC-APCI-MS chromatogram of 200 ml tap water spiked with 0.04 ng ml of pesticides and 0.05 ng ml IS tert-butylazine in positive-ion mode and dinoterb in negative-ion mode). Peak identification 1, bentazone 2, Vamidothion 3,4-nitrophenol 4, MCPA 5, mecoprop 6, dinoseb 7, atrazine 8, isoproturon 9, ametryn 10, malathion 11, fenotrothion 12, molinate 13, prometryn 14, terbutryn and 15, parathion-ethyl. (Reprinted with permission from Aguilar C, Ferrer I, Bormll F, Marce RM, and Barcelo D (1998) Comparison of automated on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization and particle-beam mass spectrometry for the determination of a priority group of pesticides in environmental waters. Journal of Chromatography A 794 147-163 Elsevier.)...

Fig. 7-54. Separation of a leachate extract on a multimode phase utilizing UV detection (A) and particle-beam mass spectrometry (B) in the El mode. - Separator column OmniPac PAX-500 (250 mm X 2 mm i.d.) flow rate 0.25 mL/min eluant NaOH -acetonitrile gradient linear, 9 mmol/L NaOH-ACN (90 10 v/v) to 50 mmol/L NaOH-ACN (80 20 v/v) in 8 min, then to 80 mmol/L NaOH-ACN (73 27 v/v) in 5 min, then to 120 mmol/L NaOH-ACN (60 40 v/v) in 5 min detection (a) UV (254 nm), (b) PBMS, Ei mode injection volume 5 pL (taken from [114]).

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