Parasites sheep

Ivermectin is used in cattle, sheep and horses at 0.2 mg/kg swine at 0.3 mg/kg dogs at 0.006 mg/kg and man at 0.05 —0.2 mg/kg. It is effective against parasitic nematodes, gmbs, Hce, mites, ticks, and bots. Ivermectin is not active against tapeworms, flatworms, bacteria, or fungi. 

The most satisfactory method for the organic farmer to reduce the risk of infection to lambs from internal parasites is to practise clean grazing, which reduces parasitic infection and increases lamb growth rate (Fig. 3.5). The most effective method of clean grazing is, as we have seen, to use a three year rotational system with sheep, followed by cattle, and then arable. This presupposes land that can be ploughed. On permanent pasture farms with no arable, beef and sheep should be alternated. To make this effective, it helps if there are as many beef livestock units as sheep. If the farm contains only sheep, then it is advisable to alternate on an annual basis between ewes with twins and ewes with singles. If the flock normally produces mostly... 

In Hawaii, Faust (2000) contended that the hair sheep, St Croix breed, not only has a unique resistance to parasitic worms but also keeps the coffee, avocado and citrus orchards free of tropical weeds. 

The control of internal parasites in sheep is acknowledged to be one of the harder problems in the management of both organic and conventional enterprises. The organic farmer is allowed to dose any animal that is seen to be suffering from parasitic infection, but only those animals that are suffering, not the whole flock. The animals that... 

Newton, J.E., Adams, C.C., Bairden, K., Coop, R.L. Jackson, F. (in press) The effect of grazing by poultry on the number of sheep parasitic larvae found on organic grassland. The Veterinary Record. 

Whether this enterprise contributes to other enterprises for instance, farmyard manure from the housed beef animals in winter may be essential for the continuing fertility of the silage fields, and straw from the wheat may make a useful contribution to the cost of bedding for the cattle alternating beef and sheep grazing will help to reduce parasite infection for both species (Newton, 1993). 

Parasite control in the sheep was achieved by a clean grazing system. Store lambs that were bought in from outside were invariably quarantined. 

Callaghan, M.J. and Beh, K.J. (1994a) A middle-repetitive DNA sequence element in the sheep parasitic nematode, Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Parasitology 109, 345-350. 

Karanu, F.N., McGuire, T.C., Davis, W.C., Besser, T.E. and Jasmer, D.P. (1997a) CD4+T lymphocytes contribute to protective immunity induced in sheep and goats by Haemonchus contortus gut antigens. Parasite Immunology 19, 435—145. 

Gauly, M. and Erhardt, G. (2001). Genetic resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Rhon sheep following natural infection . Veterinary Parasitology, 102, 253-259. 

Githiori, J. B., Hoglund, J. Waller P. J. and Baker, R. L. (2002). Anthelmintic activity of preparations derived from Myrsine africana and Rapanea melanophloeos against the nematode parasite , Haemonchus contortus, of sheep. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 80(2-3), 187-191. 

Gruner, L., Aumont, G., Getachew, T., Brunei, J. C., Pery, C., Cognie, Y. and Guerin, Y. (2003). Experimental infection of Black Belly and INRA 401 straight and crossbred sheep with trichostrongyle nematode parasites . Veterinary Parasitology, 116, 239-249. 

Rege, J. E. O., Tembely, S., Mukasa-Mugerwa, E., Sovani, S., Anindo, D., Lahlou-Kassi, A., Nagda, S. and Baker, R. L. (2002). Effect of breed and season on production and response to infections with gastro-intestinal nematode parasites in sheep in the highlands of Ethiopia . Livestock Production Science, 78, 159-174. 

Livestock projects have focused on UK dairy, beef, sheep and pig production systems and have targeted improvements in feeding regimes and preventative health management systems (e.g. for the control of mastitis and endo-parasites and gastrointestinal diseases). 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis, bluetongue, mycotic dermatitis, sheep scab, mange, insect bites, parasitic pneumonia, and photosensitization. 

Coltman, D.W., Pilkington, J.G., Smith, J.A. and Pemberton, J.M. (1999) Parasite-mediated selection against inbred Soay sheep in a free-living, island population. Evolution 53, 1259-1267. 

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