Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer

Manning, A. C., Keeling, R. R, and Severinghaus, J. P. (1999). Precise atmospheric oxt gen mea.surements with a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer. Global Bio eocheiii. Cycles 13, 1107-1115. 

There may be many types of chemical species of interest for a given test. The most common types of analyzers associated with combustion equipment are contained in a rack or cabinet as seen in Figure 33.4. The typical analyzers found in one of these cabinets are a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, infrared absorpfion carbon monoxide analyzer, UBH analyzer, and a chemiluminescent nitrogen oxide analyzer. Commercial sulfur dioxide analyzers based on infrared or ultraviolet absorption are also readily available to fit into one of these racks. The... 

Catalyst activity was usually measured in a bench test assembly (Figure 1). The reactor included a preheat section containing tabular alumina just above (upstream from) the 30 cm3 of catalyst in the center of the reactor. Water was pumped by a minipump (Milton-Roy) to the steam generator. From a three-temperature profile around the catalyst bed, it was determined that the midpoint data were most useful and reliable. The analytical equipment consisted of an infrared device (Mine Safety Appliances) for carbon monoxide, a flame ionization detector (Beckman) for hydrocarbons, and a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer (Beckman). The entire assembly except for Telex printer and computer is pictured in Figure 2. 

Linus Pauling (1901—1994), American chemist. Nobel Prize laureate 1954 in chemistry on the structure of proteins (and 1962 in peace). Important work also on chemical bonding and electronegativity and invented the paramagnetic oxygen analyzer. 

The sulfite oxidation measurements were carried out at 25 °C, a pH of about 8.7 and 8 10 m Co t. The oxygen concentration in the outlet gas was followed continuously by a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer (Maihak). The particular values of the absorption coefficient K2 (7-9)... 

Paramagnetic oxygen analyzers (Firma Mayhac, Hamburg) allowed Brunnho-fer et al. (1968 a, b) and Marcelle (1975) to measure oxygen exchange of whole CAM plants continuously over complete diurnal cycles. These authors showed... 

Infrared photometers Paramagnetic oxygen sensors Thermal conductivity sensors Distillation-type analyzers 1 930s and 1 940s Refining... 

In renewable energy processes, the measurement of 02 can be used to optimize the efficiency of combustion processes or to guarantee the safety of H2 production and distribution. Oxygen analyzers can depend on the paramagnetic and electrochemical properties of 02, or can utilize the catalytic combustion and spectroscopic techniques. 

NMR observes the chemistry of only the proton nucleus (though it can observe many other nuclei independently). This means that hetero and metallic chemistry cannot be observed directly. Thus, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and metals cannot be directly analyzed by NMR, though secondary correlations can be obtained from the proton chemistry of the sample. In combination with electron spin resonance (ESR) analyzers that can operate in the fringe fields of the NMR magnet the presence of paramagnetic metals and free radicals can be quantified. 

Magnetic devices based on the change of paramagnetic properties of a gas being analyzed. These are represented by certain types of oxygen monitors. 

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