Distillation types

RIGOROUS METHODS FOR MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION-TYPE SEPARATIONS... 

This section also includes a treatment of distillation-type separations from a rate-based point of view that utilizes principles of mass transfer and heat transfer. Section 14 also presents details of that subject as applied to absorption and stripping. 

In Table 13-6, the number of design variables is summarized for several distillation-type separation operations, most of which are shown in Fig. 13-7. For columns not shown in Figs. 13-1 or 13-7 that... 

Availability of large digital computers has made possible rigorous solutions of equilibrium-stage models for multicomponent, multistage distillation-type columns to an exactness limited only by the accuracy of the phase equilibrium and enthalpy data utilized. Time and cost requirements for obtaining such solutions are very low compared with the cost of manual solutions. Methods are available that can accurately solve almost any type of distillation-type problem quickly and efficiently. The material presented here covers, in some... 

Figure 8-157. Suggested tolerances for distillation type towers.

Natural resins and resinous wood were not only used in their natural form but were often subjected to hard-heating treatments and to distillation-type processes. This led to denser and stickier materials, referred to as tar or pitch [87,88],... 

Infrared photometers Paramagnetic oxygen sensors Thermal conductivity sensors Distillation-type analyzers 1 930s and 1 940s Refining... 

At pressures between 250 psi to 1000 psi, and temperatures between approximately 750°F and 900°F (398.9°C and 482.2°C), cracking reactions take place in the liquid phase. Gasoline and distillate-type products are formed under these cracking conditions. 

The main distillation types include atmospheric, vacuum, steam, azeotropic, extractive, and pressure distillation [45]. AU of these distillation methods can be carried out in a batch or continuous marmer with the exception of extractive distillation, which is solely continuous by nature. Gomplex solvent systems often require the use of multiple distillation columns in series to purify certain solvents that are not easily separated. The energy consumption in distillation columns can therefore be quite large because of the continuous operation of condensers and reboilers over extended periods of time. In order to cut down on these costs, both vacuum and steam distillation can be employed ]45]. 

Zhang, X., Ren, J., Guo, Z., Liang, X., and Hu, W. Membrane distillation type water treating device by using solar energy or waste heat. Patent No CN 1396120—A, 12 February, 2003. 

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