Paralleling wire strands

The bridge consists of two main cables, and the spacing of the main cables is 3.5 m. The main cables consist of prefabricated parallel wire strands. 

The other way to reduce losses is to decrease the thickness of the conductor. But there are several ways we can do this. If, for example, we take a winding made up of single-strand wire, and split the wire into several paralleled finer strands in such a way that the overall dc resistance does not change in the process, we will find that the ac resistance goes up first before it reduces. On the other hand, if we take a foil winding, and decrease its thickness, the ac resistance falls before it rises again. 

BBRV tendons consist of any number of parallel wires having diameters of 4—12mm (0.16-0.47 in.), anchored in a common anchor head bymeans of cold-upset button-heads. For nuclear pressme, and containment vessels, tendons are used with 121, 163 or 187 wires of 7 mm (0.28 in.) diameter, corresponding to ultimate loads of 770, 1020 or 1200 tons with the quality of steel chosen. Intermediate sizes are likewise possible, as is the use of even larger tendons. Parallel-wire tendons have the following advantages and disadvantages in comparison with strands or wire ropes. 

Filament lay Length of twist produced by stranding filaments, such as fibers, wires, or rovings angle that such filaments make with the axes of the strand during a stranding operation. The length of twist of a filament is usually measured as the distance parallel to the axis of the strand between successive turns of filaments. 

Conductor coils are commonly of a multifilament or cable structure instead of unifilar to make them more flexible and resistant to fracture. Unifilar conductor is a single wire wound spirally around a central axis (Fig. 1.12), whereas a multifilar cable consists of two or more wires wound together in parallel spirally around a central axis (Fig. 1.13) [1]. In a multifilar coil, each conductor strand is individually coated with a thin layer of insulator, and the entire helical coil is then insulated again with a thicker conventional insulator (Fig. 1.13) [1]. 

The hoisting wire rope is composed of many spiral elements (steel wire and strands) which is a complex component, under the acted by tension, this spiral elements are interacted to produce an internal force, the internal force can be decomposed into an axial force (Px) paralleled with wire rope axis and a radial force (Py) vertical to wire rope axis, and the radial force makes rope... 

In the strands of point contact wire rope, the steel wires in adjacent layers are point contact, also called non parallel twisting wire rope. In the strands of line contact wire rope, the steel wires in adjacent layers are line contact, also called parallel twisting wire rope. The bending and contact stress of the steel wire is smaller than the point contact when running, the lifetime of line contact wire rope is longer 20% 40% than the point contact. A compacted strands wire rope, the most of steel wires are compacted strand state, the fatigue resistance of compacted strands wire rope is bigger 1.7 2.8 times than the line contact. 

A rope is in the reliability state subset 1,2,3, 2,3, 3, if all 6 strand are in this subset, so it is a series system. After some consultations with experts we assume that a strand does not satisfy technical conditions after breaking 6 of its 36 wires. With this assumption we conclude that a rope is in the reliability state subset 1,2,3, 2,3, 3, when all six strands of a rope are in this state subset and each of strands is in the reliability state subset 1,2,3, 2,3, 3, if at least 30 out of its 36 wires are in this state subset. Thus, we obtain that a rope is a regular 4-states 30 out of 36 -series system composed of k = 6 series-linked strands with 1=36 parallel-linked components (wires). As each broaching machine has only one rope we can say that broaching machines i.e. subsystems Si, Sj, S, are also regular 4-state 30 out of 36 -series systems. 

Some comments are needed to qualify the results developed above. As shown in Figure 7.3.25(a), the magnetic field ffo is perpendicular to the stainless steel wire. However, about one-third of the strand length is parallel to ffo. Therefore the argument of the exponential in equation (7.3.265) should be multiplied by 2/3 (Watson, 1973). Further, any change in the bed void volume fraction e due to particle buildup on the wires is neglected. Ignoring additional assumptions inherent in the above analysis, let us make an estimate of the particle concentration reduction... 

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