Paper treated, properties

Most of the above can be made into plastic films - primarily used for wrapping. Film properties vary widely from permeable for food to impermeable to preserve dryness. Paper, treated or untreated, has been used for many years as a covering film, but has low strength when wet and is difficult to make transparent. In the 1920s, the transparency of cellophane revolutionized wrap. It is regenerated cellulose, like viscose rayon, except it is extruded in sheet instead of fiber, unfortunately it is sensitive to water and humidity. 

In a sense, all the present papers treat problems in interphase contacting. On the theoretical and observational sides, respectively, Davies and Kintner explore the properties of two-phase systems undergoing mass transfer. In a third study, both the descriptive and the theoretical properties of cocurrent two-phase flow systems are presented by Scott. Longitudinal dispersion (or axial mixing), which has only recently been identified and analyzed as a substantial factor in equipment performance, is reviewed by Levenspiel and Bischoff. 

The paper-chromatographic properties of the common deoxy and dideoxy sugars have been treated in several reviews,2 28 a book,829 and individual publications. Common solvent-systems are 6 4 3 1-butanol-pyridine-water (Solvent A) 4 1 5 1-butanol-acetic acid-water (Solvent B) and 1-buta-nol-ethanol-water (4 1 5, upper phase, Solvent C or 3 1 1, Solvent D). The four 2-deoxy-D-hexoses and the 2,6-dideoxyhexoses may be separated as their borate complexes. 0 The use of 1-butanol-water on the one hand, and of 2-butanone-borate buffer on the other, usually provides adequate separation and, by use of a combination of solvents, these deoxy sugars may be identified. 80 The use of buffered systems has proved highly advantageous in the separation and identification of the isomeric 6-deoxy-hexoses.8 1 Other systems, such as Solvent A and 2 1 2 ethyl acetate-... 

The papers treated with the methylmagnesium carbonate solution showed no precipitation even when allowed to soak in the solution for several minutes and had no visible deposits when they were dried. The texture of the treated papers was also quite different. The treated papers had a pleasant, natural feel, while those treated with magnesium methoxide felt stiff and harsh. The physical properties of the treated papers, the untreated controls, and the solvent-only treated papers, along with the percent fold retention after accelerated aging for 36 days at 100°C, are shown in Table III. 

Although the differences in physical properties for the papers treated by the two solutions tend to be minimal, investigation of the techniques... 

Features Papers treated with this polymer are free of odor and taste Properties Colorfess to pale yel. vise, liq. sol. in wafer, methanol, glacial acetic acid, and methyl Cellosolve sp.gr. 1.085 dens. 9.05 Ib/gal vise. 8000-12,000 cps f.p. -10 C flash pt. nonflamm. pH 6.5 00.5 40 01% solids... 

The paper treats finally the capacity of polymer carbon in form of carbon fibres for the reinforcement of organic polymers. With such advanced composites first time polymer materials are created, the properties of which exceed those of metals in strength, stiffness, resistivity against corrosion and fatigue, the weight of which is but half an order of magnitude less than that of steel. All-carbon composites - these are carbon fibres in a matrix of isotropic polymer carbon - became the high temperature material par excellence for application under most extreme conditions. 

This paper treats an extensive study (1,2,17,18) of i obe diffusion in aqueous solutions of the high-molecular-weight polymer hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), which is rodlike, semiflexible, and uncharged. Several factors motivated our choice of this system 1) Earlier studies (19.20,21) of i obe diffusion in HPC revealed the bimodality of probe spectra. However, the physical properties and detailed parameterization of the lineshapes for the two modes were non-trivial and incompletely characterized. An objective of our wturk was to provide a more thorough study of ohservahle lineshape parameters. 2) The viscosity q of aqueous HPC solutions shows, at elevated concentration, an apparent change in the functional form of its concentration dependence. An objective of this paper is to resolve between possible interpretations of this change. 

Most of the spectroscopic properties of 2-imino-4-thiazolines have been treated in Section II. Paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography are particularly suitable for distinguishing 2-atnino-thiazoles from 2-imino-4-thiazolines their RfS and characteristic reactions are different (148, 494. 705). 

Some amino resins are used as additives to modify the properties of other materials. For example, a small amount of amino resin added to textile fabric imparts the familiar wash-and-wear quaUties to shirts and dresses. Automobile tires are strengthened by amino resins which improve the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). A racing sailboat may have a better chance to win because the sails of Dacron polyester have been treated with an amino resin (1). Amino resins can improve the strength of paper even when it is wet. Molding compounds based on amino resins are used for parts of electrical devices, botde and jar caps, molded plastic dinnerware, and buttons. 

The resistance of the polymer to oils and organic solvents can be direcdy attributed to the hydroxyl fiinctionahty and the fihn-forrning properties of the polymer. Treated paper substrates display a significant amount of oil resistance, which make them valuable for packing papers and food-grade paperboard containers. This performance improvement is achieved despite the fact that the 1—3 wt % add-on level, typical of size press appHcations, is too low to provide a continuous poly(vinyl alcohol) film. 

Following wet processing, fine particle size kaolins may be calcined, ie, heat treated at about 1000°C. This treatment converts the kaolin to an amorphous pigment of significantly higher brightness and opacity (8). Properties of the various types of kaolins used in paper are shown in Table 2. 

The principal applications for furan resins are in chemical plant. Specific uses include the lining of tanks and vats and piping and for alkali-resistant tile cements. The property of moisture resistance is used when paper honeycomb structures are treated with furan resins and subsequently retain a good compression strength even after exposure to damp conditions. 

Silicone fluids containing Si—H groups are also used for paper treatment. The paper is immersed in a solution or dilute emulsion of the polymer containing either a zinc salt or organo-tin compound. The paper is then air-dried and heated for two minutes at 80°C to cure the resin. The treated paper has a measure of water repellency and in addition some anti-adhesive properties. 

Figure 1 shows a flow chart for part of a recursive modelling procedure, illustrated in this paper, which accepts as input a formula consisting of constituent raw material codes or formula names, and quantities. The procedure retrieves property data for each raw material in order to perform the required calculations. When the procedure encounters a constituent that is a formulated product, it calls itself using that product as input. The output of the procedure consists of the calculated properties of the formula, including those properties of the formula that would be retrieved from data files for non-formulated or purchased raw materials. By returning this latter set of properties, the procedure can treat formulas as raw materials. 

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