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Closely related inversions were observed by Bailar and Peppard for the bromochloro and dibromo ions of the [Co(en)2XY] series. The rotations observed for the bromochloro reaction were similar to those reported earlier for the dichloro complex, and the one rotation reported for the dibromo complex ion reaction was appreciably more negative than any observed for the other starting materials. Insufficient details are available to draw definite conclusions for these reactions or for the corresponding inversion observed for optically active [Co([-]pn)2Cl2], where [-]pn = 1,2-diaminopropane, specifically the isomer which rotates 589 nm light to the left. As discussed later in this paper, definitive results for this reaction should be most informative. 

The paper presents the results from systematic comparisons of contrast and resolution obtained with different types of radiation sources on steel thicknesses from 5 to 40 mm. These results have been taken into account with the definitions of the European standard for radiographic inspection of weldments (EN 1435) that is approved since 1997. Conclusions from practical investigations on pipe line sites, in petrochcemical plants and in nuclear power stations will be discussed as well. Furthermore, the presentation will stipulate a variety of advantages obtained from the new source in terras of coUimation and radiation protection. 

For the Berry phase, we shall quote a definition given in [164] ""The phase that can be acquired by a state moving adiabatically (slowly) around a closed path in the parameter space of the system. There is a further, somewhat more general phase, that appears in any cyclic motion, not necessarily slow in the Hilbert space, which is the Aharonov-Anandan phase [10]. Other developments and applications are abundant. An interim summai was published in 1990 [78]. A further, more up-to-date summary, especially on progress in experimental developments, is much needed. (In Section IV we list some publications that report on the experimental determinations of the Berry phase.) Regarding theoretical advances, we note (in a somewhat subjective and selective mode) some clarifications regarding parallel transport, e.g., [165], This paper discusses the projective Hilbert space and its metric (the Fubini-Study metric). The projective Hilbert space arises from the Hilbert space of the electronic manifold by the removal of the overall phase and is therefore a central geometrical concept in any treatment of the component phases, such as this chapter. 

Sulphur. Moisten the centre of a filter-paper with lead acetate solution. Then add about 10 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid to the residue in the evaporating-basin, and at once cover the latter with the paper. If zinc sulphide is present in the residue, the hydrogen sulphide evolved will give a definite daA brown coloration with the lead acetate paper. The presence of hydrogen sulphide can often be confirmed by its odour. 

Take two test-tubes A and B in A place about 5 ml. of neutralised tartaric acid solution and in B place 5 ml. of distilled water. To each solution add 3-4 drops of ferric chloride solution. Place a piece of white paper under the tubes, look down their length and note that A is definitely yellow compared with the control tube B. This yellow colour is given by a-hydroxy-carboxylic-acids, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid. 

Oxidation, (i) Dissolve 5 g. of potassium dichromate in 20 ml. of dil. H2SO4 in a 100 ml. bolt-head flask. Cool and add 1 ml. of methanol. Fit the flask with a reflux water-condenser and warm gently a vigorous reaction soon occurs and the solution turns green. The characteristic pungent odour of formaldehyde is usually detected at this stage. Continue to heat for 3 minutes and then fit the flask with a knee-tube (Fig. 59, p. 100) and distil off a few ml. Test the distillate with blue litmus-paper to show that it is definitely acid. Then apply Test 3 p. 350) for formic acid. (The reflux-distillation apparatus (Fig. 38, p. 63) can conveniently be used for this test.)... 

Primary aromatic amides are crystaUine sohds with definite melting points. Upon boiling with 10-20 per cent, sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, they are hydrolysed with the evolution of ammonia (vapour turns red htmus paper blue and mercurous nitrate paper black) and the formation of the alkah metal salt of the acid ... 

In order to maintain a definite contact area, soHd supports for the solvent membrane can be introduced (85). Those typically consist of hydrophobic polymeric films having pore sizes between 0.02 and 1 p.m. Figure 9c illustrates a hoUow fiber membrane where the feed solution flows around the fiber, the solvent—extractant phase is supported on the fiber wall, and the strip solution flows within the fiber. Supported membranes can also be used in conventional extraction where the supported phase is continuously fed and removed. This technique is known as dispersion-free solvent extraction (86,87). The level of research interest in membrane extraction is reflected by the fact that the 1990 International Solvent Extraction Conference (20) featured over 50 papers on this area, mainly as appHed to metals extraction. Pilot-scale studies of treatment of metal waste streams by Hquid membrane extraction have been reported (88). The developments in membrane technology have been reviewed (89). Despite the research interest and potential, membranes have yet to be appHed at an industrial production scale (90). 

American Paper Institute 260 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Physical standards, sizes, gauges, definitions of paper and paperboard. 

The first two are very soluble in water but the last is less so. Weaker bases inelude ammonium hydroxide where X is NH4. In faet every aeid ean generate a base by loss of a proton and the definition now ineludes any eompound eapable of donating eleetron pairs, e.g. amines. Bases turn litmus paper blue and show eharaeteristie effeets on other indieators. They are soluble in water, tarnish in air, and in eoneentrated form are eorrosive to the toueh. Common examples are given in Table 3.5. ... 

But it was not until J. P. Joule published a definitive paper in 1847 that the ealorie idea was abandoned. Joule eonelusively showed that heat was a form of energy. As a result of the experiments of Rumford, Joule, and others, it was demonstrated (explieitly stated by Helmholtz in 1847), that the various forms of energy ean be transformed one into another. 

The throw of downward-projected heated jets or upward-projected chilled jets can be derived from Eqs. (7.85) and (7.88) for K equal to some value, e.g., 0.1. Helander and Jakowatz, in their work on heated jets projected downward, have called attention to some of the differences between the actual conditions and those assumed for analysis. One of these is the radial escape of warm air in the terminal zone of a hot stteam projected downward. This escaping warm air then rises and causes a change in ambient conditions for the upper part of the jet. The terminal zone and the edges of the jet are zones of marked instability, with definite surges and fluctuations, so that the jet envelope is very difficult to define or to determine experimentally. In the closure to the paper presented by Knaak, Dr. Helander suggested that from the point of view of practical application, the distance to the beginning of the unstable, tet-minal zone of the jet is about 80% of the jet throw. 

One should also keep in mind that the G2 paper s authors never intended the molecule set to be a definitive test suite, and so they should not be held responsible for its shortcomings as one. 

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