Investigative practice

Trommsdorff s Journal der Pharmacie, apothecaries participated in the regular communication of the community of chemists.1191 would like to extend Hufbauer s argument to include not only communication and justification, but also apothecaries investigative practice in the laboratory. The possibility of publishing papers may have provided an incentive for more careful observation in the pharmaceutical laboratory and more systematic and extended chemical investigation. It may have reinforced a trend, which hinged on the correspondence between the material culture of the pharmaceutical and the chemical laboratories, to shift from the pharmaceutically useful to chemical analysis and the experimental history of substances.120 Thus chemical journals may have fed back into the actual practice of apothecaries and contributed to the emergence of the persona of the apothecary-chemist on many different levels. 

VAI (Voluntary Action Indicated) An informational letter that identifies deviations from regulations and good investigational practice. This letter may or may not require a response from the clinical investigator. If a response is requested, the letter will describe what is necessary and provide the name of a contact person. 

Contents include base techniques for incident Investigation, practical investigation considerations, multiple cause determination, recommendations and follow-through, format reports and communications issues, and development and implementation. 

Hypersensitivity reactions associated with quinidine are rare, but some of the reported cases have been extensively investigated. Practically all the immunologically induced adverse responses seem to be confined to the formed elements of the blood or to the skin. 

As the actuality of incident investigation practices is considered, one can t help but feel sorry for the supervisor. It is commonly said in the literature, as Ted Ferry did in Modem Accident Investigation and Analysis An Executive Guide, that the supervisor is closest to the action, that the mishap takes place in the supervisor s domain, and that initial responsibility for investigation is very often assigned to the supervisor (p. 9). 

Craig, C. (Ed.). 1996. Advances in Site Investigation Practice. Thomas Telford Press, London. 

Hawkins, A.B. (Ed.). 1986. Site Investigation Practice Assessing BS 5930. Engineering Geology Special Publication No. 2, Geological Society, London. 

We have discussed the importance of timeframe of analysis with regard to both the timeframe by which equilibrium in a system is attained and the timeframe of the exchange process of the complexation under investigation. Practical aspects of the former simply involve double-checking that equilibrium has in fact been attained. Practical aspects of the latter are a little bit more complex. As we have discussed, different techniques operate at different timeframes, and it is important to appreciate how this relates to the... 

HUDSON (1975) has investigated practical detection possibilities of temperature contrasts and finds a threshold of < 5K at 20y for ground based observations limited by atmospheric fluctuations, and of -30K at 350y, limited by atmospheric extinction. These values would be somewhat reduced with space observations. This author has observed only one sub-flare, but his threshold values show that detectability of synchrotron radiation and white light continuum should be within reach in the present cycle of the Sun. 

Roed-Larsen, S., Valvisto, T., Harms-Ringdahl, L., and Kirchsteiger, C. (2004). Accident investigation practices in Europe main responses from a recent study of accidents in industry and transport. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 111, 7-12. 

Some of the most basic assumptions that shape investigators practice concern the safety-critical nature of airline operations. Investigators assume airline accidents to be catastrophic. And they see failure and error as inevitable features of organisational activity. Taken together. 

The outcomes or results of events are taken to be of limited use in assessing the safety of operations (e.g. Reason, 2000). Investigators hold the consequences of events in relative disregard - analytically speaking, at least. This is not to say that potential consequences and outcomes are irrelevant far from it. Their perspective on safety is, after all, fundamentally shaped by their sense of the inherent potential for catastrophe and a keen understanding of what those catastrophes can look like. But predictions of the outcomes, or likely consequences, of incidents are not at the heart of investigators practices of risk assessment. At the heart of how investigators make sense of risk are their efforts to uncover... 

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