Paper and paperboard production

Potassium sorbate, but not sorbic acid, is generally recognized as safe for use in animal feeds (154) and in paper and paperboard products for food packaging (155). 

Sawn lumber is commonly measured ia board feet. A board foot of lumber has a nominal dimension of 1 ft by 1 ft by 1 ia. (30.5 by 30.5 by 2.5 cm) and volume of 1/12 fT (2360 cm = 0.0024 ). The actual board foot dimension and volume is often smaller, however. Paper and paperboard products... 

Specifications and Standards Test Methods. Ethylcellulose is cleared foi many apphcations in food and food contact under the Eedeial Eood, Dmg, and Cosmetic Act, as amended. Examples include binder in dry vitamin preparations for animal feed, coatings and inks for paper and paperboard products used in food packaging, and closures with sealing gaskets for food containers (44). Methods of analyses ate given in ASTM D914-72 (19), NationalFonmila XIV, and Food Chemicals Codex II. 

Table I. Paper and Paperboard Production (000 Metric Tons)...

The student should review Fig. 7.1 to see the relative size of Paper Manufacturing compared to other chemical process industries. Its 1998 U.S. shipments totalled 156 billion, about one third of the size of Chemical Manufacturing at 424 billion. It is about the same size as Petroleum and Coal at 137 billion. It has undergone a steady increase over the years, even in the 1980s when sectors like Petroleum and Coal suffered a decline. It has not grown as fast as Chemical Manufacturing. U.S. consumption of wood pulp is 67 million tons per year. The paper industry makes approximately 95 million tons of paper and paperboard products annually. This country s production of paper products is more than half the world s production. Per capita consumption of pulp has risen sharply in recent years. In 1940 it was 255 lb of pulp per person in the U.S. in recent years it is near 600 lb. 

The pulp and paper industry in the United States produced almost 100 million metric tons of paper and paperboard in 1999. This production was almost equally split between paper and paperboard products, described below ... 

Despite present trends toward use of synthetic polymers developed over the last 10 or 20 years, starches are still being widely used as an adhesive in such applications as the production of paper and paperboard products, warp sizing, and bonding charcoal briquettes. Because of a unique combination of properties and low cost, these adhesives are almost impossible to exclude from many applications, especially those involving the use of hot paste (size) for anchoring fibers. For starch molecules to act as an adhesive, they must be chemically or thermally hydrated. Then, their adhesive character is developed and modified in different ways by chemicals or other additives for different end uses. As renewable resources that are both economical and reliable, starch and dextrin are likely to continue to be significant factors in the adhesive market for many years. 

In 1993, the U.S. paper industry manufactured about 77.1 million tonnes of paper and paperboard products. The average usable energy yield of black liquor for the industry then corresponds to about 14 GJ/t of paper manufactured (2.6 EJ/[77.1 X 10 tl), or about 2.3 BOE/t. This clearly illustrates the need to recover energy from the black liquor, if only to minimize production costs. Black liquor can almost be considered to be a co-product rather than a waste by-product. If boiler efficiencies were included in this calculation, the need to recover and use the energy in the paper manufacturing process would be even more apparent. However, these figures also suggest that there is consider-... 

Sodium silicate has published GRAS status as a substance migrating to food from paper and paperboard products used in food packaging (21), and from cotton and cotton fabrics used in dry food packaging (22). These are indirect food uses. 

FDA. 1987f. Substances migrating to food from paper and paperboard products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR 182.90. 

Substances used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard products used in food paclaging (prior sanctioned food ingredients). ... 

This industry sector includes the manufacture of pulp from wood, rag, and other cellulose fibers and the manufacture of paper, paperboard, and building products. The manufacture of converted paper and paperboard products from purchased paper is not included since it involves a relatively simple process, whose wastewater flows and loadings are not generally significant to the design of treatment systems. Therefore, the plants making converted paper and paperboard products are excluded from discussions. 

Ozaki A, Kawasaki C, Kawamura Y et al (2006) Migration of bisphenol A and benzophenones from paper and paperboard products used in contact with food. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 47(3) 99-104... 

Poultry dressing plants 264 Paper and paperboard products... 

Converted paper and paperboard products, except containers and boxes... 

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