PANI nanofiber

Figure 8.5 PANI nanofibers prepared by Kim et al. (Reproduced with permission from [51] [55b]. Copyright (2005) IOP Science).

Studies performed by Yuan et al. on conductive polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers, P3DOT, and CNT thin films show that aU three are capable of forming highly compliant electrodes with fault tolerant behavior [225]. Nanowires and tubes are of particular interest since they are capable of maintaining a percolation network at large strains, thus reducing the required electrode thickness while still allowing for maximum strain performance. 

Further investigations by Lam et al. showed that PANI nanofibers films provided good actuation characteristics, provided fault tolerance, and had a negligible influence on the mechanical properties of the film, but lost conductivity over time... 

HGURE 4.4 Electrical properties of polymer composites. (A) The electrical conductivity of the PS/graphene composite as a function of graphene volume fraction. (B) The electrical conductivity of directly mixing (DM) CNT/PANI and CNT/ PANI nanofibers with different CNT contents in the directions being parallel and perpendicular to the fiber axis. 

There are no reports about PANI composites with oxides of silver and gold because of the high redox reactivity of these oxides (e.g., Ag O and Au O can oxidize PANI), while PANI composites with copper oxides are known. Electrodeposition of mesoporous bilayers of PANI supported Cu O semiconducting films from lyotropic liquid crystalline phase has recently been reported by Xue et al. [16]. The control of size, morphology, and conductivity of PANI nanofibers (PANI-NFs) in PANI-NFs/CuO nanocomposites (Figure 2.1) was achieved by systematic variation of CuO loadings during the oxidative polymerization of aniline with mixture of oxidants [ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) and sodium hypochlorite] in an acidic aqueous solution [17]. 

Figure 4.1 (a) Schematic illustration of preparation of GNS/PANI composite (1) synthesis of GNS by glucose reduction of GO, (2) deposition of GNS on stainless steel substrate, and (3) electrodeposition preparation of PANI nanofibers on GNS nanosheets, (b) The molecular structure of PANI (reprinted from [100] with permission from Elsevier). 

Random PANl chain CNT CNT/PANI hybrid CNT/PANI nanofibers... 

About 3.4 and 10.4 times larger response to NH with 50 ppm concentration for the sensor based on RGO-PANI hybrids was achieved compared with the sensors based on bare PANI nanofibers and bare RGO, respectively [70]. As reported, 5.2%, 13.4% and 59.2% change of the resistance can be achieved for the bare RGO, PANI nanofibers, and RGO-PANI nanocomposite-based sensor, respectively. The great repeatability of the... 

In addition to in situ reduction by the CPs, metal nanoparticles can also be synthesized on the surface of the CPs via a reduction process in the presence of other reducing agents. Yan and co-workers prepared PANI/Pt composite nanofibers by reducing a Pt salt with ethylene glycol on the surface of PANI nanofibers [78]. The diameter of PANI nanofibers was about 60 nm, and that of as-synthesized Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) was only about 1.8 nm as calculated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The small size of PtNPs on the CP matrix enhanced the electrocatalytic activity for the methanol oxidation reaction. 

Coaxial spinning can be used in producing PANI nanofibers. ... 

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