Painting procedures

Appendix Painting procedure of switchgear and controlgear assemblies and treatment of effluent A13.1 Introduction 13/400... 

The painting procedure for other metal surfaces, although similar, the process of pre-treatment for cast iron components or non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium and copper, may need more care. The process of pre-treatment in such cases may vary slightly than for MS, as noted below. Such surfaces may require a change in the type of chemicals, their concentration and duration of treatment. The final surface preparation and painting procedure, however, will remain the same for all. 

The total painting procedure, may be divided into the following operations ... 

The production plan referred to previously is a work instruction, as it instructs those to whom it applies to carry out certain tasks. Control procedures may include assembly procedures, plating procedures, painting procedures, maintenance procedures, etc. and differ from process specifications (see later) in that the process specification defines the results to be achieved in operating a process rather than how to run the process. In addition to the list of contents provided in ISO/TS 16949 clause 4.9.2, the documentation should define ... 

Immersion, spraying, curtain-coating or painting procedures can be used to coat the sol-gel system onto the substrates to be bonded there is no need to wash off the solution after pretreatment. 

Searching a crime scene is a complex process (25), involving poHce, crime scene technicians, and forensic scientists. The procedure requires careful documentation, collection, and preservation of the evidence. Trace evidence (26) in criminal investigations typically consists of hairs (27,28) both natural and synthetic fibers (qv) (29,30), fabrics glass (qv) (31,32) plastics (33) sod plant material budding material such as cement (qv), paint (qv), stucco, wood (qv), etc (34), flammable fluid residues (35,36), eg, in arson investigations explosive residues, eg, from bombings (37,38) (see Explosives and propellents), and so on. 

Thixotropy and Other Time Effects. In addition to the nonideal behavior described, many fluids exhibit time-dependent effects. Some fluids increase in viscosity (rheopexy) or decrease in viscosity (thixotropy) with time when sheared at a constant shear rate. These effects can occur in fluids with or without yield values. Rheopexy is a rare phenomenon, but thixotropic fluids are common. Examples of thixotropic materials are starch pastes, gelatin, mayoimaise, drilling muds, and latex paints. The thixotropic effect is shown in Figure 5, where the curves are for a specimen exposed first to increasing and then to decreasing shear rates. Because of the decrease in viscosity with time as weU as shear rate, the up-and-down flow curves do not superimpose. Instead, they form a hysteresis loop, often called a thixotropic loop. Because flow curves for thixotropic or rheopectic Hquids depend on the shear history of the sample, different curves for the same material can be obtained, depending on the experimental procedure. 

Chlorotoluene isomer mixtures, especially those containing a relatively high amount of o-chlorotoluene, are widely used as solvents in industry for such purposes as metal-cleaning formulations, railroad industrial cleaners, diesel fuel additives, carbon removal procedures, paint thinners, and agricultural chemicals. Halso 99 andHalso 125 are examples of such solvents. 

The goal of our investigation was to develop the X-ray fluorescence analysis procedure for the determination of heavy metals in the paint-and-lacquer materials. 

The procedure of determination of metals in the thin layer without elimination of the non-volatile organic components for different paints containing inorganic pigments was developed. Several techniques of sampling from paint-and-lacquer materials for X-ray fluorescence analysis were proposed. For the study of nonhomogenity of metal distribution in the thin layer we used additionally the local method of X-ray fluorescence analysis. 

Painting. A thorough surface treatment of the sheet-metal and a good painted surface are prerequisites for equipment to provide long years of operation. For the benefit of those in the field of manufacturing of such assemblies, we have provided a brief procedure for the sheet treatment and surface painting of these assemblies in the Appendix. 

Painting of all metallic surfaces of a switchgear or a controlgear assembly is an essential requirement to provide it with an aesthetic appearance, on the one hand, and to prevent it from rust and corrosion, on the other. Painting serves these purposes by providing the machine with a hard and longer-lasting metallic surface. We describe briefly, the basic procedure to paint and test painted surfaces. In the discussion, we have laid more emphasis on MS sheet-metal surfaces as these are more typical. 

After the surface hits been prepared, the final coat of paint is tipplied. The brief procedure for painting is almost the same as for the primer tind described in Table A I 3.4. 

For example in paint shops, TCE evaporates and causes air pollution. The contaminated air has 250 ppm TCE in it and this can be fed to a moving bed reactor at 300°C that is charged with OXITOX (Chovan et al, 1997) The kinetics must be studied experimentally. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 4.5.1 and the following description explains the recommended procedure. In the experimental unit shown, the feed is contained under pressure in a gas cylinder. Two percent of the feed is saturated by TCE and diluted with the rest of the feed. The rate is calculated as ... 

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