Pain pathophysiology

The trials described so far have commonly shown a lack of usefulness of NKi receptor antagonists in the treatment of pain. But we do not know whether the failure of the selected compounds is a matter of pharmacodynamics (e.g. poor penetration of the blood brain barrier) or a genuine discrepancy between animal and human pain pathophysiology (Urban and Fox, 2000). Hence, animal tests should carefully be chosen whether they are predictive or not, and it would be helpful if a wider range of conditions could be examined (Hill, 2000a). Therefore, new preclinical analysis methods should be developed for a more effective judgement of likely clinical outcomes. 

Woolf, C.J. and Decosterd, I. Implications of recent advances in the understanding of pain pathophysiology for the assessment of pain in patients, Pain Suppl. 1999, 6, S141-S147. 

Fields HL, Martin JB. Pain pathophysiology and management. In Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, editors. Harrison s principles of internal medicine. 17th edition. New York McGraw-Hill 2008. p. 81-7. 

Portenoy RK (1992) Cancer pain pathophysiology and syndromes. Lancet 339 1026-1031... 

Leinonen V, Kankaapaa M, Vanharanta H, Airaksinen O, Hanninen O (2005) Back and neck extensor loading and back provocation in urban bus drivers with and without low back pain. Pathophysiology 12(4) 249-55. 

Various pain states (e.g. headache, toothache and migraine), primarily pathophysiological inflammatory pain, e.g. rheumatic pain and pain caused by bone metastases... 

Pain and Nociception. Table 1 Physiology and pathophysiology of the nociceptive system... 

Verma S, Estanislao L et al (2005) HIV-associated neuropathic pain epidemiology, pathophysiology and management. CNS Drugs 19(4) 325-334 ViUa A, Forest V et al (1987) Autonomic neuropathy and HIV infection. Lancet 2(8564) 915... 

White FA, Jung H et al (2007) Chemokines and the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(51) 20151-20158... 

Westmoreland SV, Rottman JB, Williams KC, Lackner AA, Sasseville VG (1998) Chemokine receptor expression on resident and inflammatory cells in the brain of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Am J Pathol 152 659-665 White FA, Jung H, Miller RJ (2007) Chemokines and the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 20151-20158... 

In broad terms, pain can be divided into two categories, acute and chronic, which differ in their aetiology, mechanisms and pathophysiology. Acute pain and its associated responses are provoked by noxious stimulation and/or disease, or by abnormal function of muscle or viscerae which does not involve actual tissue damage. Although acute pain conditions may last for a length of time if not treated effectively, many cases of acute... 

The pathophysiologic mechanisms of TTH are not clearly understood. The pain is thought to originate in the myofascial tissues of the head, but central brain processing is believed to be an important modulator of pain perception.14... 

The triptans are considered specific therapies in that they target the pathophysiology underlying migraine.33 They abort headache through beneficial effects on neuronal imbalances.11 Triptans inhibit neurotransmission in the trigeminal complex and activate serotonin lb/Id pathways that modulate nociception in the brain stem. They also decrease the release of vasoactive peptides leading to vascular reactivity and pain.34 Triptans are a welcome addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in that they are available in intranasal, subcutaneous, and oral... 

Curtis, S., Kolotylo, C., and Broome, M.E., Somatosensory function and pain, in Pathophysiology, Concepts of Altered Health States, 5th ed., Porth, C.M., Ed., Lippincott-Raven Publications, Philadelphia, 1998, chap. 40. 

Raj PP (2008) Intervertebral disc anatomy-physiology-pathophysiology-treatment. Pain Pract 8(1) 18 44... 

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