Bulk Packaging Operations

In the late 1960 s Hercules water-gel explosives were being used nationwide in bulk operations and packaged products. Slurrex was a Hercules patented method of gasifying water gels to produce improved performance due to increased sensitivity and energy output... 

Packaging All operations, including filling and labelling, that a bulk product has to undergo in order to become a finished product. 

Solid soda ash is widely available and is most economically supplied in bulk. Large users often also store the solid in bulk. Operators of small chlor-alkali plants may receive and handle packaged solid. 

Your company receives a nickel compound (nickel compound is a listed toxic chemical category) as a bulk solid and performs various size-reduction operations (e.g., grinding) before packaging the compound in 50 pound bags. Your company processes the nickel compound. 

The exact identity of all packaging components, the bulk and filled product, labels, and so on, must be carefully maintained. The production ticket must be written so that it is easily understood and followed by the appropriate production personnel. All procedures should be clearly outlined and limits established for all operators (e.g., heat water to 35 45°C or autoclave sterilize for 15-20 min at 121-124°C). 

Since the packaging units will only operate about 35 horns a week, the system must be able to handle at least 0.60 (168 hr/35 hr) x 18,050 = 52,000 lb/hr. Assume it must handle 70,000 lb/hr. This rate will also allow the bulk shipment hoppers to be filled in 3 hr, which seems reasonable. The largest pressure drop will occur in transferring material to the railroad storage hoppers. The horizontal length will be a maximum of 500 ft and the vertical distance 100 ft. A pressure system will be used. The results of the calculations for blowers B-605 and B-606 are LHP = 45 BHP = 125 and the power = 26.4 kw. 

A transistor-outhne (TO)-based prototype package was presented that showed favorable thermal characteristics. The bulk chip temperature increase owing to the hotplate and circuitry power dissipation was less than 1% of the selected microhotplate operation temperature (e.g., 2°C for 300 °C hotplate temperature), which does not compromise the circuitry functionality. The package can hence be realized as a low-cost solution for commercialization, such as a plastic package with hotplate openings. 

These are areas where personnel could come into direct contact with open materials (starting materials, intermediate product, bulk product, and open primary packaging materials), for example, all operations (sampling, compounding, and producing) for manufacturing of solids, semisolids, and liquids for oral and topical use. 

Development studies, summarized within a distinct report on the physiochemical aspects, drug substance attributes, and finished product characteristics, become critical parts of the validation package. Such data is also valuable for future integration into a manufacturing operation. This includes the scientific rationale for formulating and bulk-handling procedures, lyophilization processing parameters, finished product analysis, and stability requirements. 

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