Pacemaker Leads

Platiaum and its alloys are also used as biomedical electrodes, eg, platiaum—indium wires for permanent and temporary pacemaker leads and defibrillator leads. Electrophysiology catheters, which contain platinum electrodes and marker bands, have been used to map the electrical pathways of the heart so that appropriate treatment, such as a pacemaker, can be prescribed. [Pg.174]

Pacemaker Interfaces and Leads. Problems of existing pacemaker interfaces and pacemaker lead materials made from siUcones and standard polyurethanes are environmental stress cracking, rigidity, insulation properties, and size. [Pg.184]

Cardiac pacemaker lead with steroid-coated tip. [Pg.89]

Recent work has expanded this knowledge by first electrodeptositing a gold layer on the device surface and then applying an organic layer to the electrodeptosited surface (3). In this case, the device was a pacemaker lead. The organic layer was utilized to prevent... [Pg.347]

Class 111, for example, prosthetic heart valves, rechargeable non-active drug delivery systems, absorbable sutures, spinal stents, neurological catheters, temporary pacemaker leads. [Pg.540]

There are several other commercial products containing segmented polyurethane (SPU) such as pellethane or cardiothane. These SPUs are widely recognized to possess notable biomedical properties as materials for artificial heart and intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP), and also as coating materials for pacemaker-lead insulators (See Sect. 4.1). [Pg.5]

Coagulation is not the only problem with materials intended for implantation, however. Cardiac pacemakers are intended to correct arrhythmias. Insulating materials for a pacemaker lead must be tough and long lasting. The first leads were insulated with polyethylene or silicone rubber. Neither material was considered ideal because of endocardial reactions (polyethylene) and limited durability (silicone rubber). The strength and flexibility of polyurethanes led to their introduction in 1978 as lead insulators. [Pg.132]

Medical PUs are another subset of PU elastomers. Segmented PUs were first suggested for use in a biomedical application in 1967. ° Early work with PU elastomers showed that these materials could be used for implants without causing a large, unwanted inflammatory response. The first medical devices made of PUs, however, were found to be susceptible to hydrolysis and degraded faster than desired. ° From that time, new biostable materials have been developed for use as pacemaker leads, catheters, vascular grafts. [Pg.2376]

Polyurethane (PEU) Artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices Catheters Pacemaker leads... [Pg.321]

Polyurethanes were first suggested for use as biomaterials in 1967 [36]. Polyurethane materials have excellent mechanical properties, making them suitable for many different biomedical applications. Currently, a variety of polyurethanes are used in biomedical devices like coatings for catheters and pacemaker leads (Table A.2). The biocompatibility of biomedical polyurethanes appears to be determined by their purity i.e., the effectiveness of the removal from the polymer of catalyst residues and low molecular weight oligomers [37]. The surface properties of commercially available polyurethanes, which are critically important in determining biocompatibility, can vary considerably, even among lots of the same commercially available preparation [38]. [Pg.325]

Other cardiovascular uses have included coatings on pacemakers and pacemaker lead-wires for purposes of insulation and for achieving biocompatibility. Medical grade silicone elastomer has been widely used as a material of construction in experimental artificial hearts and heart assist devices. Silicone tubing is often preferred for use in roller-type blood pumps during cardiopulmonary bypass. Medical grade silicone elastomer contains no leachable or organic plasticizers and thus contributes minimal contamination in blood contact applications. [Pg.90]

Extrudable polyurethane for prosthetic devices Useful for blood bags, transvenous cardiac pacemaker leads, tubing and catheters [57] ... [Pg.125]

K.B. Stokes, P.W. Urbanski, M.W. Davis, A.J. Coury, Pacemaker leads, in A.E. Aubert, H. Ector (Eds.), Nine Years Experience with Polyurethane Leads, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1985, pp. 279-286. [Pg.142]

T.J. Marrie, J. Nefligan, J. Costerton, A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of an infected endocardial pacemaker lead. Circulation 66 (1982) 1339-1341. [Pg.323]

Calfee RV, Saulson SH (1986) A voluntary standard for 32 mm unipolar and bipolar pacemaker leads and connectors. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 9(6 Pt 2) 1181-1185... [Pg.33]

KayGN, BrinkerJA, KawanishiDTetal (1999) Risks of spontaneous injury and extraction of an active fixation pacemaker lead report of the Accufix Multicenter Clinical Study and Worldwide Registry. Circulation 100(23) 2344-2352... [Pg.33]

Eortescue EB, Berul Cl, Cecchin F et al (2004) Patient procedural and hardware factors associated with pacemaker lead failures in pediatrics and congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm 1(2) 150-159... [Pg.33]

Jacobs DM, Fink AS, Miller RP et al (1993) Anatomical and morphological evaluation of pacemaker lead compression. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 16(3 Pt 1) 434 44... [Pg.33]

Esposito M, Kennergren C, Holmstrom N et al (2002) Morphologic and immunohistochemical observations of tissues surrounding retrieved transvenous pacemaker leads. J Biomed Mater Res 63(5) 548-558... [Pg.34]

Byrd CL, Schwartz SJ, Hedin N (1991) Intravascular techniques for extraction of permanent pacemaker leads. J Tho-rac Cardiovasc Surg 101(6) 989-997... [Pg.34]

Ary ana A, Sobota KD, Esterbrooks DJ, Gelbman Al (2007) Superior vena cava syndrome induced by endocardial defibrillator and pacemaker leads. Am J Cardiol 99(12) 1765-1767... [Pg.34]

Gilard M, Perennes A, Mansourati J et al (2002) Stent implantation for the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome related to pacemaker leads. Europace 4(2) 155-158... [Pg.34]

Klug D, Lacroix D, Savoye C et al (1997) Systemic infection related to endocarditis on pacemaker leads clinical presentation and management. Circulation 95 2098-2107... [Pg.46]

Mansur AJ, Grinberg M, Costa R et al (1984) Dura mater valve endocarditis related to retained fragment of postoperative temporary epicardial pacemaker lead. Am Heart J 108 1049-1052... [Pg.46]

Klug D, Wallet F, Kacet S et al (2003) Involvement of adherence and adhesion Staphylococcus epidermidis genes in pacemaker lead-associated infections. J Clin Microbiol 41 3348-3350... [Pg.46]

Bracke FA, Meijer A, van Gelder LM (2001) Pacemaker lead complications when is extraction appropriate and what can we learn from published data Heart 85 254-259... [Pg.46]

Victor F, De Place C, Camus C et al (1999) Pacemaker lead infection echocardiographic features, management and outcome. Heart 81 82-87... [Pg.46]

Ruttmann E, Hangler HB, Kilo J et al (2006) Transvenous pacemaker lead removal is safe and effective even in large vegetations an analysis of 53 cases of pacemaker lead endocarditis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29 231-236... [Pg.46]

Byrd CL, Wilkoff BL, Love CJ et al (1999) Intravascular extraction of problematic or infected permanent pacemaker leads 1994-1996. U.S. Extraction Database, MED Institute. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 22 1348-1357... [Pg.47]

Lickfett L, Wolpert C, Jung W et al (1999) Inappropriate implantable defibrillator discharge caused by a retained pacemaker lead fragment. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 3 163-167... [Pg.47]

Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...