Oxygen balance negative

The oxygen balance is, when negative, the quantity of oxygen internal to the molecule that is missing to ensure complete oxidation of this molecule, z is given directly by the coefficient of O2 in the equation of combustion. 

In practice, both red and green star compositions are formulated to have a negative oxygen balance i.e. there is an oxygen deficiency) since the presence of a reducing atmosphere in the flame inhibits the oxidation of MCI to MO (where M is Sr or Ba), thus enhancing the colour purity of the flame. 

A negative oxygen balance is frequently designed into these propellant mixtures to obtain CO gas in place of COi. CO is lighter and will produce greater thrust, all other things being equal. However, the full oxidation of carbon atoms to CO j evolves more heat, so some trial-and-error is needed to find the optimum ratio of oxidizer and fuel [8]. 

To keep the SrCl from oxidizing in the flame, Shidlovskiy recommends using a composition containing a negative oxygen balance (excess fuel). Such a mixture will minimize the reaction... 

Naoum (Ref 2a) gives the following props Notwithstanding its high negative oxygen balance, it is a powerful and brisant expl. 

Blast action is such that, for an oxygen balanced expl, the heat of expln appears to be propagated thru the medium (such as air) in the form of a shock wave, or at least BLE-He (heat of explosion). For a negatively balanced compn, or one in which after-reactions (usually exothermic) can occur, BLE-He + A where A is the heat of the after-reaction. In air, the after-reaction of most importance is the air-oxidation of unoxidized portions of the charge especially of the exothermic elements like Al. When the same elements are oxidized under water by CO2 or H20, it is part of He Blast effects can be tested by various methods such as listed in Vol 2, pp B2I4-R ft B215-L, under Blast Meters... 

Ftfhrer s Silicium Explosive. Mining expl patented by J. Fiihrer in 1904. It was the first expl to contain silicon. Its composition was Amm nitrate 77, DNT 10.5, Si (crystalline) 10 and wood flout. It was not powerful and its oxygen balance was negative Ref R. Sartoriiis, MP 34, 211(1952)... 

Explosives which produce a flash on detonation and create hazards for workers in coal mines are called non-permitted explosives. Basically these explosives include compositions based on aluminum powder and other HEMs with negative oxygen balance. 

In military ammonium nitrate explosives containing aluminium even those in which the oxygen balance is negative, the main reaction is assumed to be that of oxidation of the aluminium by reaction with ammonium nitrate ... 

Nitromethane (Vol. I, p. 579) may be used as a monergol propellant. However its negative oxygen balance may be reduced by the addition of liquid oxidants, e.g. of tetranitromethane to form a bipropellant. In practice, however, nitromethane decomposes too slowly, and it is difficult therefore to obtain hypergolic mixtures from it. To facilitate and accelerate the decomposition of mixtures with nitromethane it is necessary to add a catalyst, such as a salt of chromic acid. 

Carbonits had a negative oxygen balance on the wrong assumption that incomplete combustion gives greater safety for use in mines, by lowering the heat and temperature of explosion. 

If the amount of oxygen present in the explosive molecule is insufficient for the complete oxidation a negative oxygen balance will result this can be seen in the molecule TNT. Nitroglycerine, however, has a... 

This means that it is not necessary to make Al expls with a positive oxygen balance, as was done prior and during WWI, but it is better to maintain some negative balance... 

Mononitroglycerines are weak explosives. In consequence of a distinctively negative oxygen balance, only 434 kcal/kg are evolved on explosive decomposition (water in the form of vapour). Their sensitiveness to impact is extremely low. Indeed they are virtually insensitive. Their liability to detonate depends on their physical state. According to Naotim the lead block expansion produced by liquid mononitroglycerine is 75 cm3 only and products of incomplete decomposition, e.g. acrolein, are evolved. The crystalline product, on the other hand, detonates readily to produce an expansion amounting to 245 cm3. 

As both the above Brit Baratols have highly negative oxygen balance to C02 (-53.1/2 for 80/... 

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