Oxygen balance positive

However, the impact of shell was not very significant on the explosion heat of explosives with low negative oxygen balance, positive oxygen balance, and zero oxygen balance. 

This analysis places a slight negative charge on the oxygen atom and divides the balancing positive charge between the remaining three atoms. 

Explosions occurred dining distillation of this polynitro compound [1]. Though not an endothermic compound, it is of positive oxygen balance and the heat of decomposition (2.80 kJ/g) would give an adiabatic decomposition temperature exceeding 2200°C and a 40-fold increase in pressure [2],... 

Frozen mixtures of trinitromethane -2-propanol (9 1) exploded during thawing. The former (of positive oxygen balance) dissolves exothermally in the alcohol, the heat effect increasing directly with the concentration above 50% w/w. Traces of nitric acid may also have been present. 

The high explosive instability is due in part to the covalent character of the alkyl perchlorates, and also to the excess of oxygen in the molecule over that required to combust completely the other elements present (i.e. a positive oxygen balance). 

Alone, or Metals, or Metal compounds Mellor, 1940, Vol. 8, 327 1967, Vol. 8, Suppl. 2.2, 84, 96 It is an explosive of positive oxygen balance, less stable than ammonium nitrate, and has been studied in detail. Stable on slow heating to 300°C, it decomposes explosively on rapid heating or under confinement. Presence of zinc, copper, most other metals and their acetylides, nitrides, oxides or sulfides cause flaming decomposition above the m.p. (70°C). Commercial cobalt (cubes) causes an explosion also. 

Heats of combustion of explosives deficient in oxygen (See Vol 1 of Encycl, p A515, under "Available Oxygen ) are always higher than either their heats of explosion or of detonation. For expls with positive oxygen balance to CO2, like NG, there should not be any difference between these values Values for heats of combustion may be found in the same sources as indicated under "Heat of Formation . Some selected values for explosives are given in the Table which is at the end of "Heat of Explosion and Heat of Detonation ... 

Ammonium perchlorate satisfies most of the requirements and is used most widely in composite propellants all over the world. The greatest advantage of AP is the immense experience and vast information on AP-based propellants available over several decades which impart more confidence in this oxidizer. Other non-metallic oxidizers have also been investigated in detail but have not been found suitable for use for one reason or the other. Nitronium perchlorate (NP) which has positive heat of formation and highly favorable oxygen balance was also... 

Originally the addition of aluminium was limited to explosives with a positive oxygen balance, i.e. mixtures containing a considerable amount of an oxygen carrier. However, during World War II, the Germans extended the use of aluminium by adding it to nitro compounds, for example to a mixture of TNT with hexyl. 

A positive oxygen balance markedly reduces the quantity of carbon monoxide formed. Assonov and Rossi [60] report the following results of experiments on the effect of the oxygen balance of explosives on the composition of the gaseous products of explosion (Table 99). 

The last equation in Reaction 6.1 only becomes important as the oxygen balance decreases and the quantity of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the products begins to increase. All three equilibria are temperature-dependent, and the equilibrium position will move to favour the reactants or products depending on the temperature generated by the reaction. 

This means that it is not necessary to make Al expls with a positive oxygen balance, as was done prior and during WWI, but it is better to maintain some negative balance... 

Its chemical stability and sensitiveness to impact resembles those of nitroglycerine. It is an extremely strong explosive possessing a positive oxygen balance [8] ... 

Nitromannitol is a strong explosive with a positive oxygen balance. Its decomposition proceeds according to the equation ... 

Expl mixts with zero or positive oxygen balance to C02 produce much smaller amts of fumes and they are given better fume ratings . For open work, fumes are not an important factor, but for confined spaces or underground work, expls with bad fume ratings should be avoided. 

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