Ownership separation

There are a number of cases of discriminatory behavior cited in that report, all seemingly stemming from the lack either of ownership separation or of separation between transport and gas sales. Within many gas companies, trading names, brands and logos are still shared, and there is no application of what is known in the US as the Commodities Clause, which would prevent transport pipelines from owning the gas shipped in their trunk pipelines. 

It is also interesting to look into the future use of sensors in household appliances. An attempt to do this is made in Chapter 6 where the influence factors in this broad field are analyzed. These include socio-economic data of the end users (like age of the population) and their preferences (like savings of energy, water and detergents), ease of use and cost of ownership, as described in Chapter 6.1. One specific and interesting future development can be foreseen - the integration of home appliances into heretofore strictly separated areas, such as... 

One end may own the other—that is, making and breaking the link coincides with creating and destroying the object. In that case, the job of makeLink is performed by each of the constructor functions, and the job of breakLink is performed by the destructor. If ownership can be transferred, a separate transfer function should be used. 

Such approaches sometimes represent a distinct risk for the contractor in such models, since misuse of a user can hardly be excluded without giving the user the impression that the service has been curtailed. A clear separation of responsibilities, ownership, operation, maintenance, etc., in the individual processes helps to avoid dissatisfaction. Service models should target at an almost complete takeover of responsibility not only for the chemical, but also for the application plant and the waste management or recycling equipment. 

Company acquisitions differ from product acquisitions in the complexity of the transaction and the separate and overlying complications associated with equity ownership which itself is usually divided amongst many shareholders with different motivations. A primary consideration in considering a company... 

A few companies, perhaps concerned about possible conflict of values with their existing brands, have launched separate organic brands. An example of this is Seeds of Change, which is under the ownership of the Mars family, who also control Uncle Ben s and Dolmio, among other brands. 

Such a market for trading chemical contracts would effectively help the industry separate the risk of asset ownership from both production and financial risk. Imagine, for example, if a pure commodity player could conclude forward contracts to lock in the price on most of its output volume and input raw materials. It could outsource the sales and logistics process to efficient transactional market makers and low cost logistics speciahsts, leaving it to focus purely on being distinctive in low cost operations. 

Clear points of P L accountability are established, thus promohng personal ownership and responsibility for results along a clearly defined range of products - a prerequisite for a no excuses policy in any organizahon. Opportunities for building businesses arise, and these help to attract and retain entrepreneurial talent. This is especially important in an industry where separate product hnes have very different value propositions and incenhves, for example, New Economy businesses such as business-to-business (B2B) marketplaces for chemicals versus Old Economy commodity-type businesses such as polysterol. 

In the 1980s, fundamental changes took place in the state-owned sector with the so-called privatization of the industry. First in Chile, then in the UK, the assets of the publicly-owned electricity authorities were vested in companies which issued equity shares to the general public. This change in ownership was coupled with a fundamental shift in the way electricity was produced and sold. New, cheaper, technologies such as gas-fired, combined cycle, gas turbine plant, which could be built more quickly than the traditional coal-fired steam turbine plant, and which is less labour intensive in its operation, was introduced extensively in the UK. The separate producers of electricity competed with each other on price (per kWh) to win market share. It is alleged, with some justification in the UK, that such competition has reduced the price to the end-user. 

One essential precondition of this transformation was the discovery of society as a reified object that was separate from the state and that could be scientifically described. In this respect, the production of statistical knowledge about the population—its age profiles, occupations, fertility, literacy, property ownership, law-abidingness (as demonstrated by crime statistics)—allowed state officials to characterize the population in elaborate new ways, much as scientific forestry permitted the forester to carefully describe the forest. Ian Hack-... 

The land that was to become Maine had a stormy, war-torn history. It was claimed at varying times by the British and French monarchies ownership and boundaries were fought over during the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812. The land eventually became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, then was set up as a separate territory. Maine became the twenty-third state, admit-... 

The connection between gas transporters and distributions, within the same ownership, was a corporate form utterly rejected in the Public Utility Elolding Company Act of 1935, and an uncommonly powerful regulator, in the form of the SEC was charged with breaking them up. For reasons that those in Europe may consider manifestly obvious, the Directive never hints that public policy should include the structural separation of gas pipelines from gas distributors. The clash between those regulated and their immediate customers provided [that] the necessary tension to achieve effective and even-handed regulatory scrutiny divides the European and US gas markets. 

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