Ovulation determining

In order to avoid conception, abstinence from sexual intercourse during the fertile period of the menstmal cycle must be practiced (77,104). It has been deterrnined that the fertile period in women occurs before menstmation (105,106), and formulas have been developed to determine the fertile and infertile days of the menstmal cycle. Ovulation has been linked to a cycHc shift in basal body temperature (107), which can be used retrospectively to determine the time of ovulation. 

Studies confirm that inhibin plays a role in regulating FSH secretion. However, the importance of this role in the human has not yet been determined. If inhibin-regulated FSH secretion is pivotal in foUicular recmitment and growth, then it may be possible to block ovulation by means of inhibin antagonists. 

Erk [20] described a spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of metronidazole and miconazole nitrate in ovules. Five capsules were melted together in a steam bath, the product was cooled and weighed, and the equivalent of one capsule was dissolved to 100 mL in methanol this solution was then diluted 500-fold with methanol. In the first method, the two drugs were determined from their measure d%/dk values at 328.6 and 230.8 nm, respectively, in the first derivative spectrum. The calibration graphs were linear for 6.2—17.5 pg/mL of metronidazole and 0.7—13.5 pg/mL of miconazole nitrate. In the second (absorbance ratio) method, the absorbance was measured at 310.4 nm for metronidazole, at 272 nm for miconazole nitrate and at 280.6 nm (isoabsorptive point). The calibration graphs were linear over the same ranges as in the first method. 

Current evidence strongly suggests the existence of olfactory cues to ovulation in humans. Such cues could be used by men for monitoring their current or potential partner. It should be noted, however, that men cannot determine ovulation exactly but rather in a probabilistic manner. Therefore we believe that cyclic odour cues are rather a byproduct of physiological changes than a specific signal of ovulation. 

The clinical value of pregnanediol determination is found in gynecological disorders, in cases of abnormal pregnancies, and as evidence of actively secreting corpus luteum and ovulation during the normal menstrual cycle. 

Seed development in Tokay is normally complete in a high percentage of ovules. Clusters were emasculated to determine whether KGA3 or 4-CPA will induce berry formation in the absence of pollination and fertilization. 

A review identified 54 other reports of thromboembolic disease associated with ovulation induction 60% were in upper limb veins and two-thirds of the patients had OHSS (77). The mechanism for the increased risk of thrombosis in these patients has not been determined, but hemoconcentration or a hypercoagulable state associated with high estrogen concentrations could be responsible. 

Figure 11.5 Ovulation induction by leuprorelin in diestrous rats after iv, sc, rectal, nasal, oral, and vaginal routes of administration. (Note nasal absorption may have been underestimated in this study, due to drainage of the test solution. For example, nasal bioavailability has been determined as 18.7% in rats, in a study in which the nasal cavity was closed at the orifice and outlet)...

The urine (20 ml) of anadromous, ovulated females was collected by catheterization. Repeated fractionation, guided by male behavioral response, over complementary chromatographic supports led to the isolation of a sufficient quantity of pure substance for full spectroscopic characterization. The active pheromonal compound was shown to be L-kynurenine (6). It was estimated to be present at a concentration of 1.1 mg 100 ml-1 of urine. Interestingly, that is a hundred or more times higher than the concentration in the ovulated female urine of rainbow or brown trout. The absolute configuration of 6 was determined by Marfey s analysis,40 which involves... 

The initial evaluation of female infertility should include a detailed history and physical examination, including a Papanicolaou cervical and vaginal smear with appropriate cervical and endocervical cultures, a search for tubal patency and endometriosis or adhesions, and assessment of ovulation and adequate luteal function.After obvious treatable abnormalities have been excluded, a menstrual history indicates further endocrine evaluation and a postcoital test helps to determine coital snfticiency (Figure 53-16 see also earlier section on irregular menses). 

The laboratory plays an important role in the process of ovulation induction. The principle involves administration of gonadotropins to stimulate follicular growth followed by hCG to stimulate ovulation. Clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound monitoring of the treatment cycle is necessary to (1) determine the dose and length of therapy,... 

Laboratory tests such as FSH and 1 7/3-estradiol determinations are used frequently to diagnose perimenopause. The value and accuracy of these levels are controversial because levels fluctuate considerably each month depending on whether ovulation has occurred. No one symptom or laboratory test is accurate by itself to diagnosis perimenopause or PDD. 

The accurate and sensitive determination of estradiol (E2) concentration in biological fluids is desirable for gynecological investigations, fertility treatment assessment, and potentially for ovulation prediction. Analysis of bovine serum for the presence of estradiol is also required in the agricultural industry to monitor food-producing animals for the presence of illegally-administered hormone. Electrochemical ELISAs for E2 have been reported, in which... 

No effects on litter size, ovulations, resorptions, or fetal deaths were detected in rats exposed to up to 3,500 mg manganese/kg/day (as Mn304 in the diet), but pregnancies were significantly decreased at this d( (Laskey et al. 1982). However, because manganese was administered to both males and females in this study, it is impossible to determine which... 

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