Otto internal combustion engine cycle

Otto internal combustion engine cycle Usually for natural or liquefied gas, but gasoline can also be used for power generation (however, it is more expensive fuel compared with gaseous fuels) and used in internal combustion engine generators. 

A four-stroke internal combustion engine was built by a German engineer, Nicholas Otto, in 1876. The cycle patterned after his design is called the Otto cycle. It is the most widely used internal combustion heat engine in automobiles. 

The operation of the reciprocating internal combustion engines represents a compromise between the Otto and the Diesel cycles, and can be described as a dual combustion cycle. Heat transfer to the system may be considered to occur first at constant volume and then at constant pressure. Such a cycle is called a dual cycle. 

The combustion process in internal combustion engines as an isobaric or isometric heat-addition process is oversimplistic and not realistic. A real cycle p-v diagram of the Otto or Diesel cycle looks like a curve (combination of isobaric and isometric) rather than a linear line. Are the combustion processes in the dual cycle more realistic ... 

CARBURETION. The fuel for an internal combustion engine must be well mixed with the air required for comhustion. This is particularly true of the Otto cycle engine, inasmuch as thorough distribution of panicles of fuel in the air is essential to rapid and complete explosive combustion of the fuel in that cycle. One of the most effective means of mixing the panicles of a liquid fuel with air is by vaporization. The vaporizing and mixing of a liquid fuel with air in the corrcci proportions is called carburettor the device used is called a carburetor... 

Otto cycle—four-stroke engine cycle. See internal combustion engine. 

The most common internal-combustion engine, because of its use in automobiles, is the Otto engine. Its cycle consists of four strokes, and starts with an intake stroke at essentially constant pressure, during which a piston moving outward draws a fuel/air mixture into a cylinder. This is represented by line 0 - 1 in Fig. 8.8. During the second stroke (line 1 - 3), all valves are closed, and the fuel/air mixture is compressed, approximately adiabatically, along line 1 2. The mixture... 

The four stages of operation of an internal combustion engine. This is the type of engine used in practically all automobiles and is described technically as a four-stroke Otto cycle engine, (a) The intake valve opens to let in a gaso-... 

Internal combustion engines implementing the Otto cycle have been studied based on the rotary engine with a triangular rotor (Wankel), as well as free and spring loaded linear pistons. 

Micro Internal Combustion Engines (Otto Cycle)... 

The four-stroke cycle spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine (ICE) was initially proposed by Beau de Rockas in 1862 and first built by N. A. Otto in 1876. This engine has become the major piston engine in use today. The PV cycle of the engine is shown in Fig. 4.3 where the four strokes are indicated. 

Internal combustion engine generators (diesel cycle and Otto cycle with natural gas as a fuel). Up to 50... 

This chapter assumes that the reader has completed a course in basic mechanical engineering (ME) thermodynamics. It presents only a review and summary, to be referred to later in the text. A basic ME thermodynamics class is mostly about devices using pure substances, such as steam power plants, refrigerators, heating systems, and internal combustion engines (treated by the air standard Otto cycle, which allows one to use pure-substance thermodynamics). Chemical engineering thermodynamics extends that approach to include devices treating mixtures (e.g., all separation processes like distillation or crystallization) and chemical reactors. The principles are the same, but the details and the viewpoints are often different. 

Fuel cells are being proposed to replace Otto or diesel engines because they are reliable, simple, and quieter, less polluting, and economical. The internal combustion Otto or diesel cycle engine has been used in automobiles for about 100 years now. A reasonably simple and reliable mechanical device nowadays has a lifespan of up to 400,000 km in automobiles and over 1,000,000 km in larger applications such as buses and trucks. 

In the gas power cycles, the working fluid remains gas for the entire cycle. Internal combustion cycles of Otto and Diesel engines as well as the gas turbines are some well-known examples of engines that operate on gas cycles. In the analysis of gas power cycles, the following assumptions known as air-standard assumptions are used ... 

The Otto cycle is essentially the cycle describing the internal-combustion automobile engine. This is a four-stroke cycle, in contrast to the simpler two-stroke Carnot cycle and the various others, such as the Stirling and Brayton cycles, that operate on a single oscillation of the piston. The Otto cycle consists of an intake expansion, a compression, an expansion resulting from ignition... 

---