Otto engine

Ototoxicity Otto engine Otto ofRose Otto of rose Oturanic... 

Gas-Otto-Engine NOx Air/fiiel ratio = 1- and. 3-way catalytic converter... 

Figure 2.2 The indicator diagrams for the Carnot and the Otto engines. The Carnot cycle operates between the two temperatures Tj and T2 only, whereas the Otto cycle undergoes a temperature increase as a result of combustion.

Both gasoline and diesel engines are available in either a two-stroke- or a four-stroke-cycle design. The fundamental difference between the Otto engine cycle (named after Nikolaus Otto, who developed it in 1876) and the diesel engine cycle involves the conditions of the combustion. In the Otto cycle. 

The application of alcohol and gasoline-alcohol mixtures in the gasoline (Otto) engines began in the first half of the twentieth century. It is possible to find information about various studies on the change in octane numbers of gasoline-alcohol... 

Fig. 5.8 a Carburetor in a liquid gasoline-fueled Otto engine, b Manifold in gaseous hydro-gen-fueled modified engine systems... 

May, H. 1984. New results of engine driving tests of a 6-cylinder Otto-Engine in mixed hydrogen gasoline operation. 5th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Toronto, Canada, 1984. 

The power output of the Otto cycle can be increased by turbocharging the air before it enters the cylinder in the Otto engine. Since the inlet air density is increased due to higher inlet air pressure, the mass of air in the cylinder is increased. Turbocharging raises the inlet air pressure of the engine above atmospheric and raises the power output of the engine, but it may not improve the efficiency of the cycle. A schematic... 

Modern Otto engine designs are affected by environmental constrains as well as by desires to increase gas mileage. Recent design improvements include the use of four valves per cylinder to reduce the restriction to air flow into and out of the cylinder, turbochargers to increase the air and fuel flow to each cylinder, and catalytic converters to... 

An Otto engine operates with a compression ratio of 8.5. The following information is known ... 

Why is the Diesel engine usually used for large trucks and the Otto engine usually used for compact cars ... 

Bernhardt, I. W. Lee, W., "Possibilities for Cost-Effective Use of Alcohol Fuels in Otto Engine-Powered Vehicles", Proceedings, International Symposium on Alcohol Fuel Technology, Methanol and Ethanol, November 21-23, 1977. 

The most common internal-combustion engine, because of its use in automobiles, is the Otto engine. Its cycle consists of four strokes, and starts with an intake stroke at essentially constant pressure, during which a piston moving outward draws a fuel/air mixture into a cylinder. This is represented by line 0 - 1 in Fig. 8.8. During the second stroke (line 1 - 3), all valves are closed, and the fuel/air mixture is compressed, approximately adiabatically, along line 1 2. The mixture... 

The effect of increasing the compression ratio, defined as the ratio of the volumes at the beginning and end of the compression stroke, is to increase the efficiency of the engine, i.e., to increase the work produced per unit quantity of fuel. We demonstrate this for an idealized cycle, called the air-standard cycle, shown in Fig. 8.9. It consists of two adiabatic and two constant-volume steps, which comprise a heat-engine cycle for which air is the working fluid. In step DA, sufficient heat is absorbed by the air at constant volume to raise its temperature and pressure to the values resulting from combustion in an actual Otto engine. Then the air is expanded adiabatically and reversibly (step AB), cooled... 

This equation shows that the thermal efficiency increases rapidly with the compression ratio r at low values of r, but more slowly at high compression ratios. This agrees with the results of actual tests on Otto engines. 

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