Oshima studies

A 30% ethanol extract of the Japanese valerian root ( Hokkai-Kisso ) extract (4.1 g/kg and 5.7 g/kg) and imipramine (20 mg/kg) also demonstrated statistically significant antidepressant effects compared to placebo as measured by the forced swimming test in rats (26). As in the Oshima study, kessyl glycol diacetate exhibited no antidepressant activity in the forced swimming test. Because the forced swimming test can be affected by stimulants, anticholinergics, and antihistamines as well as antidepressants, the effect of the valerian extract on reserpine-induced hypothermia, a test for antidepressant activity and inhibition of neuronal reuptake of monoamines, was measured. Both valerian (11.2 g/kg) and imipramine (20 mg/kg) reversed reserpine-induced hypothermia, suggesting that the antidepressant effect of valerian is caused by reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters, as with conventional antidepressants. 

Radical addition to alkenes has been used in cyclizations in aqueous media. Oshima and co-worker studied triethylborane-induced atom-transfer radical cyclization of iodoacetals and iodoacetates in water.121 Radical cyclization of the iodoacetal proceeded smoothly both in aqueous methanol and in water. Atom-transfer radical cyclization of allyl iodoacetate is much more efficient in water than in benzene or hexane. For instance, treatment of allyl iodoacetate with triethylborane in benzene or hexane at room temperature did not yield the desired lactone. In contrast, the compound cyclized much more smoothly in water and yielded the corresponding y-lactone in high yield (Eq. 3.31). 

Compared to antipsychotics, there are even fewer studies on the prescribing patterns of antidepressants done in Asian countries. Pi etal. (1985) conducted a survey of psychotropic prescribing practices reported by psychiatrists in 29 medical schools in 9 Asian countries. Daily dose range of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) such as amitriptyline, imipramine, and nortriptyline in Asian countries was comparable to the practice in USA. This is despite differences found between Asian and non-Asian populations in the pharmacokinetics of TCAs (Pi et al, 1993). A questionnaire on the practical prescribing approaches in mood disorders administered to 298 Japanese psychiatrists was reported by Oshima et al. (1999). As first-line treatment, the majority of respondents chose newer TCAs or non-TCAs for moderate depression and older TCAs for severe depression. Combination of antidepressants and anxiolytics was preferred in moderate depression, while an antidepressant and antipsychotic combination was common in severe psychotic depression. Surprisingly, sulpiride was the most favored drug for dysthymia. In a naturalistic, prospective follow-up of 95 patients with major depression in Japan, the proportion of patients receiving 125 mg/day or less of imipramine was 69% at one month and 67% at six months (Furukawa et al., 2000). 

Oshima, R. J. Development of a System for Evaluating and Reporting Economic Crop Losses Caused by Air Pollution in California. 1. Quality Study. Sacramento California Department of Food and Agriculture, 1973. 

Z0348 Sakai, K., N. Oshima, T. Kutsuna, et al. Pharmaceutical studies on crude drugs. 1. Effect of Zingiberaceae crude drug extracts on sulfaguanidine ab-... 

Yamashita, A., S. Oshima, K. Matsuo, K. Ito, A. Ito, and Y. Mori. 1991. Pharmacological studies of intravaginally applied dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 98 31. 

Li, F.-C., Oishi, M., Kawaguchi, Y., Oshima, N., and Oshima, M., Experimental study of swirling flow of a viscoelastic fluid with deformed free surface, Proceedings of the ASME Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, July 17-20, Miami, FL, USA, Paper No. FEDSM2006-98387 (2006c). 

Nickel-catalyzed transformations of SCBs have been studied by Oshima and co-workers <20060L483>. Nickel-catalyzed ring opening of SCBs with aldehydes affords the corresponding alkoxyallylsilanes (Scheme 55). This transformation represents a hydrosilane-free reductive silylation of aldehydes. A wide range of aldehydes (aliphatic, aromatic, electron-rich, and electron-deficient) can be converted to akoxyallylsilanes. 

Nasu M, Goto M, Oshima Y, et al. 2001. Study on endocrine disrupting chemicals in wastewater treatment plants. Water SciTechnol 43(2) 101-208. 

The link between Cox-2 and polyps has been most extensively studied in an animal model of FAP, the adenomatous polyposis coli gene knockout mouse, which develops multiple intestinal polyps. In this model, both sulindac and a Cox-2 inhibitor are effective in producing regression of adenomas. When this knockout mouse was crossbred to a Cox-2 knockout mouse to produce a double adenomatous polyposis coli/Cox-2 knockout, the development of intestinal polyposis was markedly reduced (Oshima etal., 1996). 

Hogetsu, K., Oshima, Y., Midorikawa, B., Tezuka, K., Sakamoto, M., Mototani, I., and Kimura, I., Growth analytical studies on the artificial communities of Helianthus tuberosus with different densities, Jpn. J. Bot., 17, 278-305, 1960. 

Gas-phase study G. Schultz, I. Hargittai, Electron diffraction investigation of ethane-1,2-dithiol. Acta Chim. Hung. 1973, 75, 381-388 solid-state study M. Hayashi, Y. Shiro, T. Oshima, and H. Murata, The Vibrational Assignment, Rotational Isomerism and Force Constants of 1,2-Ethanedithiol. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 1965, 38, 1734-1740. 

Tanaka, H., Tsukuma, H., Kasahara, A., Hayashi, N., Yoshihara, H., Masnzawa, M., Kanda, T., Kashiwagi, T., Inoue, A., Kato, M., Oshima, A., Klnoshita, Y., Kamada, T. Effect of interferon therapy on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality of patients with chronic hepatitis C a retrospective cohort study of 738 patients. Int. J. Cancer 2000 87 741-749... 

Tezuka Y, Imai K, Oshima M, Ito K. C-NMR structural study on an enteric pharmaceutical coating cellulose derivative having ether and ester substituents. Carbohyd Res 1991 222 255—259... 

Y. Murata, Y. Katayama, H. Oshima, T. Kawamata, T. Yamamoto, K. Sakatani, and S. Suzuki, Changes in Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Induced by Deep Brain Stimulation Study by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Keio J. Med., 49(suppl. 1), A61-A63 (2000). 

Kawahara D, Oshima H, Kosugi H, et al. 1993. Further epidemiologic-study of occupational contact-dermatitis in the dental clinic. Contact Dermatitis 28(2) 114-115. 

Kato R, Oshima T, Takanaka A. 1969. Studies on the mechanism of nitro reduction by rat liver. Mol Pharmacol 5 487-498. 

Fitzgerald PJ, Oshima A, Hayase M, et al. Final results of the Can Routine Ultrasound Influence Stent Expansion (CRUISE) study. Circulation 2000 102 523-530. 

Oshima, Y., Blackburn, S.I., Hallegraeff, G.M., 1993. Comparative study on paralytic shellfish toxin profiles of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum from three different countries. Mar. Biol, 116 471 176. 

S. Jiazhen, Z. Yuefang, Z. Xiaoguang and Z. Wanxi, Studies on radiation cross-linking of fluoropolymers, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 1993, 42, 139-142 A. Oshima, Y. Tabata,... 

In a study of the enzymes secreted by Aspergillus oryztB and Aspergillus fiavus, Oshima and Church say, The supposition that fungi produce extracellular and intracellular enzymes is accepted provisionally. The extracellular enzymes can be obtained by percolating mature fungi with water but the latter cannot be obtained by mere... 

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