Orientational study

Lesieur P, Vandevyver M, Ruaudel-Teixier A and Barraud A Orientational studies of Langmuir-Blodgett films of porphyrins with polarized resonant Raman spectroscopy Thin Soiid Fiims 159 315-22... 

Ithamar Gruenwald, A PreKminaiy Critical Edition of Sefer Yezira, Israel Oriental Studies, 1 (1971), 132-77 and Guillaume Postal (ed. and comm.), Sefer Jezirah (Pans, 1552) (1994), 89-90, 92-100, 110-11. 

Gruenwald, Ithamar, A Prebminary Critical Edition of Sefer Yezira, Israel Oriental Studies, 1 (1971), 132-77. 

Therefore, in many fundamentally oriented studies the complex catalyst is replaced by a simplified model, which is better defined. Such models range from supported particles from which all promoters have been removed, via well-defined particles deposited on planar substrates, to single crystals (Fig. 4.1). With the latter we are in the domain of surface science, where a wealth of informative techniques is available that do not work on technical catalysts. 

The application of deuterated toluene in assessing anaerobic biodegradation (Fischer et al. 2006) has already been noted in Chapter 6, Part 1. A review (Lovley 1997) has summarized the various strategies and suggests that uncertainties, particularly in the bioremediation of benzene, can only be resolved by greater emphasis on field-oriented studies, and a better understanding of the reactions involved and the factors that limit the rates of degradation. 

N soukpoe-Kossi, Ch., J. Sielewiesiuk, R.M. Leblanc, R.A. Bone, and J.T. Landrum. 1988. Linear dichroism and orientational studies of carotenoid Langmuir-Blodgett films. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 940 255-265. 

This paper describes a package of computer programs that we have written to provide menu-driven operation of our facility for x-ray orientation studies. This paper describes the overall structure of the package in the hope that our design approach will be useful to future designers of laboratory data collection systems. Persons who are interested in implementing similar systems can obtain copies of the software described herein from the authors. 

B.A. Bhattacharyya, V.T. Sreekumar, T. Lui, S. Kumar, M.L. Ericson, H.R. Hauge, and E.R. Smalley, Crystallization and orientation studies in polypropylene/single wall carbon nanotube composite. Polymer 44, 2373—2377 (2003). 

Three primary problem areas exist in dating groundwater. These are (1) Formulation of realistic geochemical-hydrodynamic models needed to interpret data which are generated by field and laboratory measurements, (2) development of sensitive and accurate analytical methods needed to measure trace amounts of various stable and unstable nuclides, and (3) theoretical and field oriented studies to determine with greater accuracy the extent and distribution of the subsurface production of radionuclides which are commonly assumed to originate only in the atmosphere. 

There are numerous analytically oriented studies developed upon adsorption coupled electrode reactions (2.144) and (2.146), which are summarized in the Sect. 3.1. For the purpose of verification of the theory, electrode mechanisms including reductions of a series of metallic ions in the presence of anion-induced adsorption [110], as well as electrode mechanisms at a mercury electrode of methylene blue [92], azobenzene [79], midazolam [115], berberine [111], jatrorubine [121], Cn(lI)-sulfoxine and ferron complexes [122], Cd(II)- and Cu(II)-8-hydoxy-qninoline... 

As part of an orientation study, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected soils along traverses across the Pebble deposit area. In 2007, soil samples were collected from 78 sites along a 7.8-km east-west traverse over the Pebble East and Pebble... 

Most of the above membrane-oriented studies were carried out for peptides in multilayer systems that were collapsed or transferred onto a sample cell surface. An alternative and very interesting way to study membrane systems is by IRRAS (infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy) at the air-water interface. In this way, unilamellar systems can be studied as a function of surface pressure and under the influence of various membrane proteins and peptides added. Mendelsohn et al.[136] have studied a model series of peptides, [K2(LA) ] (n = 6, 8, 10, 12), in nonaqueous (solution), multilamellar (lipid), and unilamellar (peptide-IRRAS) conditions. In the multilamellar vesicles these peptides are predominantly helical in conformation, but as peptide only monolayers on a D20 subphase the conformation is (1-sheet like, at least initially. For different lengths, the peptides show variable surface pressure sensitivity to development of some helical component. These authors further use their IR data to hypothesize the existence of the less-usual parallel (i-sheet conformation in these peptides. A critical comparison is available for different secondary structures as detected using the IRRAS data for peptides on H20 and D20 subphasesJ137 ... 

Barnett, Adrian, For Want of a Better Word, New Scientist, January 31, 2004. http //www.newscientist.com/opinion/ opinterview. jsp id=ns24321 (Describes the work of linguist Alexandra Aikhenvald. She was a Research Fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1980to 1989, and Professor of Linguistics at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, until 1994.)... 

Muller D, Pfeil T, von den Driesch V. Treating depression comorbid with anxiety—results of an open, practice-oriented study with St John s wort WS 5572 and valerian extract in high doses. Phytomedicine 2003 10(suppl 4) 25-30. 

Bronzes, Volume I, Catalogue, Freer Gallery of Art, Oriental Studies, No. 7, Washington, D.C., 1967. 

The uniformity of environment provided by crystalline samples makes lines still sharper than in amorphous solids. Polarized IR spectra allow definition of orientation and assist in peak assignment. A less complete orientational study is possible in glasses when the species are generated using polarized photoselection [10]. 

Tsuschida, E., Nishide, H., Sekine, M., and Yamagishi, A. (1983). Liposomal heme as oxygen carrier under semi-physiological conditions. Orientation study of heme embedded in a phospholipid bilayer by an electrooptical methocBiochim. Biophys. Acta, 734, 274-278. 

If the purpose of a calculation is to probe the inherent properties of a molecule as a thing in itself, or of a phenomenon centered on isolated molecules, then we do not want the complication of solvent. For example, a theoretically oriented study of the geometry and electronic structure of a novel hydrocarbon, e.g. pyramidane [6], or of the relative importance of diatropic and paratropic ring currents [7], properly examines unencumbered molecules. On the other hand, if we wish, say, to calculate from first principles the pZa of acids in water, we must calculate the relevant free energies in water [8]. Noteworthy too is the fact that solvation, in contrast to gas phase treatments, is somewhat akin to molecules in bulk, in crystals [9]. Here a molecule is solvated by its neighbors in a lattice, although the participants have a much more limited range of motion than in solution. Rates, equilibria, and molecular conformations are all affected by solvation. Bachrach has written a concise review of the computation of solvent effects with numerous apposite references [10]. 

Unlike grazing angle reflection studies of films on metals, both parallel and perpendicularly polarized radiation is observable upon reflection from the water surface. Similar to ATR experiments, electric fields in all three dimensions relative to the water surface are present, indicating the potential for complete orientation studies of the surface layers 126). 

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