Organic chemicals, dangerous

Electronic version of Sax s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed., Hawley s Condensed Chemical Dictionaiy Prager s Environmental Contaminant Reference Databook, Vols, I, II III Verschueren s Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 3rd ed. and Pohan-ish and Greene s Hazardous Materials Handbook, on CD-ROM, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1998. 

These are quoted in Part Three and in chapter 6 with reference to dangerous reactions of organic chemicals. Here the codes concerning dangerous reactions are compiled. They start with the letter R and are followed by a number together they correspond to risk clauses ... 

The nature of dangerous reactions involving organic chemicals depends on the saturated, unsaturated or aromatic structures of a particular compound. Saturated hydrocarbons are hardly reactive, especially when they are linear. Branched or cyclic hydrocarbons (especially polycyclic condensed ones) are more reactive, in particular as with oxidation reactions. With ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturated compounds, the products are endothermic . 

Laboratory test data indicate that if the organic chemical is present in a dilute aqueous solution, the dielectric constant will not be dangerously low. Dielectric constants above 30 will generally not lower the conductivity substantially enough to damage the soil. Two criteria need to be met for a liquid to not attack clay liners (a) the solution must contain at least 50% water and (b) no separate phase or organic chemicals should be present. 

Because cement kilns are so good at destroying organic chemical wastes, emissions of dioxins - or any other type of products of incomplete combustion (PIC) - are so low they pose no danger to the environment. In the case where some of the hazardous waste fuels used contain toxic dioxin, the cement kiln temperatures of 1650°F will destroy dioxins in less than one second. Because cement kilns operate at much higher temperatures (at least 2450°F), and because the burning wastes have an average residence time in the kiln of at least two seconds, any dioxins are destroyed. However, dioxin waste is never accepted by Southdown for use in its cement kilns. 

But, for us, everything is naturally molecular chemistry in an ultrastructural scale. This mechanistic and materialistic approach might surprise any doctor Nevertheless not only this molecular organization of the living substance is real but it even helps to understand the intimacy of the eye chemical danger and the ultimate consequences of chemical bums. 

Everyone who works with organic chemicals should be aware that a number of arenamines are carcinogens. The most dangerous examples (see Figure 23-8) are known to induce human bladder cancer. These chemicals were used widely in the chemical industry (mostly in azo dye manufacture) long before they were... 

The primary concern is to reduce the number of tires in uncontrolled stockpiles or illegal dumps. These tires are often sites of mosquito infestation, with the potential for spreading dangerous mosquito-borne diseases. Large tire dumps can also lead to fires with major releases of air pollution and hazardous organic chemicals into surface and groundwater. 

Overall Metabolic Processes. In general, metabolic processes which facilitate elimination of a pesticide from the body are considered desirable. This is based a great deal on our long history of associating toxicity with chemicals that accumulate in the body. Arsenic, lead, mercury and other metals substantiate these concerns as do more modern synthetic organic chemicals such as DDT and mirex. Because so many chemicals rapidly voided from the body are now known to be extremely hazardous, risks and excretion rates are evaluated very carefully. Still, storage of metabolites is not a positive characteristic even for those compounds like DDE whose danger, if any, as a body burden has not been established. 

Sax, N. I. (1984) Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 6th edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. The definitive book on the toxicity of solvents and other organic chemicals. 

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