Oral salicylate

Aspirin and oral salicylates Aloxiprin, Aspirin, Benorilate, Choline salicylate, Diflunisal, Etheniamide, Lysine aspirin. Magnesium salicylate, Salsalate, Sodium salicylate... 

Absence of gastrointestinal functional disturbances, usually observed at much lower oral salicylic acid doses, was again striking. With infusion therapy the blood chemistry, kidney and liver functions, blood sugar, serum electrophoresis, electrolyte metabolism, ECG and rheumatic serology were evaluated. No pathological changes of abnormal reactions were found. Nor were any cerebral, respiratory or circulatory toxicities observed. 

Algom, D., Halabe, A. and De Vries, A. (1975) Oral salicylates and bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, a frequent association in medical ward admissions. New Istanbul Contr. Clin. Scl, 11,9S. 

Active agents vary according to use. For controlling bad breath, 2iac salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, and flavors are used. To destroy oral microorganisms, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride [123-03-5] and ben2alkonium chloride [68391-01-5] are valuable. Essential oils, such as thymol [89-83-8] eucalyptol [470-82-6] menthol, and methyl salicylate [119-36-8] reduce plaque-related gingivitis (see Oils, essential). Sodium fluoride aids ia caries coatrol. 

Finally, attachment of a rather complex side chain to the para position of the benzene ring on the sulfonamide leads to the very potent, long-acting oral antidiabetic agent, glyburide (215). Preparation of this compound starts with the chlorosul-fonation of the acetamide of 3-phenethylamine (209). The resulting sulfonyl chloride (210) is then converted to the sulfonamide (211) and deacylated (212). Reaction with the salicylic acid derivative, 213, in the presence of carbodiimide affords the amide, 214. Condensation of that with cyclohexylisocyanate affords glyburide (215). ... 

After oral administration, acetylsalicylic acid is rapidly and almost completely absorbed but in the intestinal mucosa it is partly deacetylated to salicylic acid, which also exhibits analgesic activity. The plasma half-life of acetylsalicylic acid is 15 min whereas that of salicylic acid, at low dosages of acetylsalicylic acid, is 2-3 h. Salicylic acid is eliminated more slowly when acetylsalicylic acid is administered at high dose rates because of saturation of the liver enzymes. The metabolites are mainly excreted via the kidney. 

There is an increased risk of toxicity of MTX when administered with the NSAIDs, salicylates, oral antidiabetic drugs, phenytoin, tetracycline, and probenecid. There is an additive bone marrow depressant effect when administered with other drug known to depress the bone marrow or with radiation therapy. There is an increased risk for nephrotoxicity when MTX is administered with other drug that cause nephrotoxicity. When penicillamine is administered with digoxin, decreased blood levels of digoxin may occur. There is a decreased absorption of penicillamine when the dmg is administered with food, iron preparations, and antacids. 

Oral administration of bicarbonate may decrease the absorption of ketoconazole. Increased blood levels of quinidine, flecainide, or sympatiiomimetics may occur when these agents are administered with bicarbonate There is an increased risk of crystalluria when bicarbonate is administered with the fluoroquinolones. Fbssible decreased effects of lithium, methotrexate, chlorpropamide, salicylates, and tetracyclines may occur when these drag s are administered with sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate is not administered within 2 hours of enteric-coated drugs the protective enteric coating may disintegrate before the drug reaches the intestine. 

Acetylsalicylic acid breaks down into salicylic acid 20 minutes after entering the bloodstream. It is the salicylic acid that is responsible for the beneficial effects of aspirin. Salicylic acid itself is too caustic to be taken orally. 

Application of topical salicylates can lead to systemic effects, especially if the product is applied liberally. Repeated application and occlusion with a wrap or bandage also can increase systemic concentrations.41 Salicylate-containing counterirritants should be used with caution in patients in whom systemic salicylates are contraindicated, such as patients with severe asthma or aspirin allergy.42 Topical salicylates have been reported to increase prothrombin time in patients on warfarin and should be used with caution in patients on oral anticoagulants.43... 

BPO = benzoyl peroxide AA = azelaic acid TR = topical retinoid SA = salicylic acid OA = oral antibiotic TA = topical antimicrobial... 

To reduce conjugative first-pass metabolism and increase the oral bioavailability of P-estradiol, estradiol-3-salicylate, and P-estradiol-3-anthranilate, ester prodrugs were synthesized and their oral bioavailabilities in dogs were evaluated... 

Kurosaki Y, Hisaichi S, Nakayama T, Kimura T (1989a) Enhancing effect of l-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) on the absorption of salicylic acid from keratinized oral mucosa and the duration of enhancement in vivo. Int J Pharm 51 47-54... 

Kurosaki Y, Hisaichi SI, Hong LZ, Nakayama T, Kimura T (1989b) Enhanced permeability of keratinized oral-mucosa to salicylic acid with 1 -dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) In vitro studies in hamster cheek pouch. Int J Pharm 49 47-55... 

J. Nakamura, M. Kido, K. Nishida, H. Sasaki, Effect of Oral Pretreatment with Antibiotics on the Hydrolysis of Salicylic Acid-Tyrosine and Salicylic Acid-Methionine Prodrugs in Rabbit Intestinal Microorganisms , Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1992, 40, 2572-2575. 

Vestibulocochlear effects Ginkgo has positive effects on vestibulocochlear function in animal models, primarly through vasoactive and antioxidant mechanisms. EGb 761 dilates the cochlear vasculature and prevents flow reduction caused by sodium salicylate (Didier et al. 1996). Oral EGb 761 reduced tinnitus induced by sodium salicylate in rats (Jastreboff et al. 1997). The recovery of balance after unilateral vestibular neurectomy is accelerated by postoperative treatment with EGb 761,... 

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