Optical fibers cabling

UE 910 Standardfor Safety, Test Methodfor Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Electrical and Optical Fiber Cables used in Air Handling Spaces, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Northbrook, lU., 1985. 

Optical fiber cables and fiber optic devices approved as an intrinsically safe system suitable for the hazardous (classified) location involved shall be installed in accordance with Sections 504-20 and 770-52. 

Exception Optical fiber cables or fiber optic devices that are conductive shall be installed in accordance with Articles 500 through 503. 

In context with methane detection during offshore oil drilling, another infrared fiber optic methane sensor was reported25. The detector comprises 3 main units a microcomputer-based signal processing and control unit, a nonconducting fiber optic gas sensor, and an optical fiber cable module. The system operates at an absorption line of methane where silica fibers have very low losses. 

Installation of a Brillouin system is most cost-effective when applied to a new pipeline construction when the trenching is available for inserting the optical fiber cables. If the existing sections of buried pipeline require replacement or repair, then the Brillouin system can also be used selectively in high consequence areas. In general, total system costs will vary for each application. 

Tests for Fire Resistance of Roof Covering Materials, 1983. (similar to ASTM E 108) Tests for Flame Propagation and Smoke Density Values for Electrical and Optical Fiber Cables in Spaces Transporting Environmental Air, 1991. 

Test for Flame Propagation Height of Electrical and Optical Fiber Cables Installed Vertically in Shafts, 1991. 

Our communications infrastructure relies heavily on advanced materials chemistries. From the manufacturing processes used to fabricate optical fiber cables to molecular beam epitaxy techniques for the creation of nanoscale heterostructures that enable many optical devices, innovations in materials chemistry have played a role. An example of a recent technological achievement that relates to optical communications systems is the MEMS-based (microelectromechanical system) Lambda Router. The Lambda Router is an optical system developed at Lucent Technologies for switching narrowly focused... 

Chapter 7 is the chapter dealing with Special Conditions and it addresses most of the cables with highly improved fire performance. Thus, Articles 725 (Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits), 760 (Fire Alarm Systems), and 770 (Optical Fiber Cables and Raceways) all use the same two schemes for fire performance of cables, as shown in Figures 21.4 and 21.5. The figures show that the best is NFPA 262,65 a cable fire test for flame spread and smoke, conducted in a modified Steiner tunnel (86 kW or 294,000 BTU/h), for which the requirements in the NEC are that the maximum peak optical density should not exceed 0.5, the maximum average optical density should not exceed 0.15, and the maximum allowable flame travel distance should not exceed 1.52m (5 ft). The next test, in the order of decreasing severity is UL 1666,64 known... 

ASTM D 5424 Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration... 

ASTM D 6113 Standard Test Method for Using a Cone Calorimeter to Determine Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables ASTM D 6194 Standard Test Method for Glow Wire Ignition of Materials ASTM D 6413 Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)... 

UL 1685 Standard Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation and Smoke-Release Test for Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables... 

ASTM D 5537, Standard Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Foss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration, Annual Book ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. 

Reinforcement of epoxy, polyester, and other resins for use in aerospace, marine, automotive and sports industries. We have previously mentioned the vibration damping capacity of Kevlar aramid fiber. Layers of woven Kevlar are used in skis for damping purposes and, of course, to reduce the weight. Kevlar is used as a protective sheath in fiber optic wave guides and to reinforce optical fiber cables because of its high tensile modulus and strength, and low electrical conductivity. 

Underway Analysis of Suspended Biological Particles with an Optical Fiber Cable... 

A probe has been developed to measure two important phytoplankton characteristics in situ and while underway in marine waters. The unit consists of a shipboard laser source and signal processor that are connected to a submerged sensory unit by an optical fiber cable. The submerged unit consists of two sensors one measures particle size from the intensity of individual fluorescence pulses and the other obtains excitation spectra for chlorophyll a emission. The submerged unit is towed by a ship, and the measured data, such as the fluorescence pulse-height distribution and the excitation (emission) spectra, are obtained aboard ship. 

N SITU SENSING TECHNIQUES ARE HIGHLY DESIRED in occanography. This chapter describes a method for measuring phytoplankton distribution by using optical fiber cables with laser techniques. The technique may be applicable for measuring the distribution, abundance, and size of phytoplankton for most areas of the oceans. 

Underwater remote-sensing techniques using an optical fiber cable have several advantages. Useful data on the in situ size distribution, concentration, and algal color group of phytoplankton in the marine environment may be obtained. Measurements at high speed can be carried out because the towed pressure vessel can be streamlined by limiting it to the optical... 

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