Far infrared fiber

Far infrared fiber can emit a low dosage of far infrared ray and provide heat retention and thermal energy properties it can be used as health textiles that make it possible to meet people s requirement of far infrared therapy, improve the microcirculation of the body, and promote metabolism. Ceramic powders are always used into the far infrared fibers, as hsted in Table 2.36. 

Infrared spectra, of fats and oils, 10 823 Infrared spectral region, 19 564 Infrared spectroscopy, 14 224-243 23 136-143. See also Chromatography-infrared spectroscopy Far- infrared spectroscopy ir-selective surfaces Ir (infrared) spectroscopy Near- infrared spectroscopy Thermal analysis-infrared spectroscopy applications of, 14 239-240 23 140-141 in composition measurements, 20 682 in fiber optic fabrication, 11 138 industrial applications of, 14 240 instrumentation in, 14 225-228 23 137-138... 

Functional fibers are the demand directly from the market many functions have been actually put into practice, such as antimicrobial, anti-UV, far infrared, antistatic, FR,... 

Table 2.36 Chemical composition and physical properties of the far infrared ceramic powder used in fibers...

Maurugeon S., Bureau B., Boussard-Pledel C., Faber A.)., Lucas R, Zhang X. H., and Lucas J., Selenium modified GeTe4 based glasses optical fibers for far-infrared sensing. Opt Mater., 33, 660-663 (2011). 

From previous sections it is obvious that IREs can be made into a variety of geometries. A cylindrical IRE can be extended to allow for more internal reflections. If the cylindrical IRE is extended far enough and its diameter is reduced, it becomes an infrared fiber. With a fiber the ends are planar and not conical, as was the case for the cylindrical IRE. In the ensuing discussion we define optical fibers as restricted to the visible and the short-wave near-infrared, whereas infrared fibers have transmission ranges from the near- though far-infrared. 

Kakudo and Kasai have summarized the central problem well ( ) "There are generally less than 100 independently observable diffractions for all layer lines in the x-ray diagram of a fibrous polymer. This clearly imposes limitations on the precision which can be achieved in polymer structure analysis, especially in comparison with the 2000 or more diffractions observable for ordinary single crystals. However, the molecular chains of the high polymer usually possess some symmetry of their own, and it is often possible to devise a structural model of the molecular chain to interpret the fiber period in terms of the chemical composition by comparison with similar or homologous substances of known structure. Structural information from methods other than x-ray diffraction (e.g., infrared and NMR spectroscopy) are also sometimes helpful in devising a structural model of the molecular chain. The majority of the structural analyses which have so far been performed are based on models derived in this way. This is, of course, a trial and error method". Similar perspectives have been presented by Arnott ( ), Atkins ( ), and Tadokoro... 

By far the most common use of mid-infrared radiation for process analysis is in the non-dispersive infrared analysers that are discussed below. The widespread use of FTIR spectrometers in the mid-lR has yet to be fully realized in process analytical apphcations. The requirements for the optical components and the wavelength sta-bihty of the instraments available have, until recently, detracted from the use of this region of the spectrum in on-line process analysis. Optical fibers that provide such a benefit to the apphcations of NIR (see below) are not available for the mid-IR in robust forms or forms that are capable of transmitting over more than a few tens of metres. Improvements and developments to sample cells, particularly designs of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cells, for use with mid-lR are being made and will influence the application of the technique. An impressive list of apphcations including both FTIR and the NDIR approaches has been compiled (2, 3]. 

The versatility of the system described above has recently been enhanced by transmitting the exciting microwave radiation as modulation on an infrared laser communications link over a fiber-optic path up to 1 km, before demodulation and harmonic generation produces a mmwave signal at the far end that drives the Fabry-Perot cell. It then acts as a mobile remote analytical spectrometer that can be moved to any convenient location whilst remaining under full control from and returning results continuously to home base. 

The revolution in Raman spectroscopy has been slow to come to the college chemistry classroom and laboratory. Standard undergraduate textbooks attempt to cover modern Raman spectroscopy, but achieve mixed results. Textbooks typically devote far less space to Raman scattering than to infrared absorption. The student is often left with the impression that Raman spectroscopy is an esoteric branch of vibrational spectroscopy, useful only for its selection rules or for measurements in aqueous solution. Almost entirely missing is a sense of excitement over such contemporary topics as Raman microscopy and Raman imaging, ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, or industrial process control, and the many other applications enabled by fiber-optic probes. 

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