On sale

Ca.pita.1 Investment ndReturns. Capital needs for commodity chemicals are usuaHy very high, hundreds of millions of doHars being needed for many petrochemical plants of economic size. Return on investment (ROI) and return on sales (ROS) vary widely. Capital needs of specialty products are usuaHy quite low, often about 50 to 600 per doHar of sales. ROI and ROS vary widely but are usuaHy higher than those for commodities. 

Average price, freight on board (fob) mine, based on sales. Excluding soluble and chemical muriates. 

Nippon Zeon estimated that the break-even cost of its tire pyrolysis pilot plant was 0.25 per tire (29,30). One study indicates that pyrolysis of tires and other polymers should be considered as a means for disposing of scrap within environmental constraints. A plant processing 81,000 t/yr of scrap could be profitable, based on sales of reclaimed products (31). 

When goods consigned to a shipper s warehouse or terminal are damaged, disputes frequentiy arise as to their value. Usually, the carrier contends that shippers should not earn profit on sales not made, and the shipper contends that it should not be required to produce goods merely to recover its costs. Such disputes are sometimes resolved by payment of the sales price less costs not incurred, such as the cost of deHvery from the warehouse to the consignee. 

The effeet of failure eost or quality loss on the profitability of a produet development projeet is shown in Figure 1.1. High levels of failure eost would produee a loss on sales and would probably mean that the projeet fails to reeover its initial level of investment. 

Table 1.2, based on Modern Plastics sources, provides USA consumption figures (based on sales data) for the main groups of plastics materials. The figures probably underestimate the global importance of the major tonnage thermoplastics since these are also manufactured in quantity in developing countries and OPEC countries. 

These figiire.s are based on sales figures, not production. 

Reaction of estrone with a metal acetylide affords 17a-ethynyl-173-hydroxy-estradiol (etbynylestradiol, 30a EE). This compound is equipotent with estradiol by subcutaneous administration, but it is 15 to 20 times as active when administered orally. Ethynylation of the methyl ether of estradiol analogously affords mestranol (30b), It should be noted that the same factors apply in these reactions as in previously discussed reductions at 17 almost the sole products of these reactions are those which result from attack of reagent from the least hindered a side of the steroid. Ethynylestradiol and mestranol are of special commercial significance since the majority of the oral contraceptives now on sale incorporate one or the other of the compounds as the estrogenic component. 

Despite the introduction of new, improved methods of refining it has been necessary to enhance the performance of lubricants by the use of additives, either to reinforce existing qualities or to confer additional properties. Once additives were regarded with some suspicion —an oil that needed an additive was necessarily an inferior oil today they are an accepted feature of lubricants. Almost all quality lubricants on sale today contain one or more additives. An enormous range of additives are available for use in lubricants " , some produced by the oil companies and others provided by specialist manufacturers. Additives are usually named after their particular function, but many additives are multifunctional. Thus, an anti-wear additive may also protect a surface against corrosion. The main types of additives that can enhance the anti-corrosion behaviour of lubricants are listed in Table 2.22. 

Gas with a dew point below 0° C at pipeline pressure (depends on sales contract). It contains less than one volume per cent of H2S. 

Millions of cars that go on sale in September, 1974 will be equipped with catalytic converters to reduce the emissions of carbon monoxide and... 

It is worth noticing what other products are likely to share the same aisle or shelf. In a study on how to increase purchases in the Minneapolis and St Paul markets in the USA, by including organic products, a mixed effect on sales was found in upmarket stores, but there was a significant positive effect on sales of dairy products, pasta, bread, cereal and carrots in a discount store (Thompson, 1998). 

These are not separate objectives and must be considered together. The order in which they are listed is not meant to imply the precedence of any objective over another, other than that of putting safety first. Product quality, production rate and the cost of production will be dependent on sales requirements. For example, it may be a better strategy to produce a better-quality product at a higher cost. 

Machen, Arthur. List of books chiefly from the libray of the late Frederick Hockley, Esq., consistiing of important works relating to the occult sciences, both in print and manuscript. Now on sale at the prices affixed, byt George Redway. London , 1887. 40p. 

Machen, Arthur. The literature of occultism and archaeology being a catalogue of books on sale relating to ancient worships, astrology, alchemy. London G. Redway, 1885. 48p. 

Boss Kettering. New York Columbia University Press, 1983. Source for Kettering s discoveries, hiring, and strong point Ford hires mechanics TEL on sale public loves pep, not economy TEL expands use of car and Midgley loses interest in invention. 

Problem + Research + Capital = Progress. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 31 (May 1939) 504-506. Kettering file 19/103. Source for the tough, uncompromising problem bromine TEL goes on sale in service stations and public response and tractors with TEL. 

Information available regarding the chemistry of lead in air is limited. Before the ban on sales of leaded gasoline, lead particles were emitted to the atmosphere from automobiles as lead halides (mostly PbBrCl) and as double salts with ammonium halides (e.g., 2PbBrCl NH4Cl. Pb3[P04]2, and PbS04 [Biggins and Harrison 1979 Ter Haar and Bayard 1971]). After 18 hours, approximately 75% of the bromine and 30-40% of the chlorine disappeared, and lead carbonates, oxycarbonates and oxides were produced. 

Larry buys three puppies at the Furry Friends Kennel for a total cost of 70. Two of the puppies are on sale for 15 apiece. How much does the third puppy cost ... 

Quentin was shopping for a new washing machine. The one he wanted to buy cost 428.98. The salesperson informed him that the same machine would be on sale the following week for 399.99. How much money would Quentin save by waiting until the washing machine went on sale ... 

A dishwasher on sale for 279 has an original price of 350. What is the percent of discount, rounded to the nearest percent ... 

Martha bought a lawnmower on sale for 35% off and paid 298.35. What was the price of the lawnmower before it was marked down ... 

Even when the NDA is approved and the product goes on sale, the sponsor must provide the FDA with further occasional reports. These can be in the form of scheduled annual reports, but also unscheduled reports are required in instances such as the occurrence of an unexpected adverse response to the drug. 

Two valuable sources of data for identifying opportunities for optimization include (1) profit and loss statements for the plant or the unit and (2) the periodic operating records for the plant. The profit and loss statement contains much valuable information on sales, prices, manufacturing costs, and profits, and the operating records present information on material and energy balances, unit efficiencies, production levels, and feedstock usage. 

Solution. Tables EB.5A and EB.5B list the data needed in the evaluation. Depreciation is straight line (SL). The gain on sale of the cyclone at the end of the year 5 is 500 (which is subject to ordinary income tax)... 

Return on sales (ROS), 75 640-641 Reusable drums, thickness requirements for, 18 81 Reuse... 

Demand-oriented management concepts focus on sales price and sales quantity decisions to maximize turnover with a given or unrestricted supply. Demand-oriented research areas are micro-economics specifically for price mechanisms (Varian 1994), sales and marketing (Effort 1998 Kilter/Keller 2005) and recently revenue management (Cross 2001 Tallury/Van Ryzin 2005). 

Demand management concepts focus on sales volume and price decisions to maximize turnover based on a given and/or unlimited supply... 

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