Oligosaccharides breast milk

Mechref, Y., Chen, P, and Novotny, M. V., Structural characterization of the N-linked oligosaccharides in bile salt-stimulated lipase originated from human breast milk, Glycobiology, 9, 227, 1999. 

Cravioto, A., Tello, A., Villafan, H., Ruiz, J., del Vedovo, S., and Neeser, J.-R. (1991). Inhibition of localized adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells by immunoglobulin and oligosaccharide fractions of human colostrum and breast milk. /. Infect. Dis. 163,1247-1255. 

Infant formula feeds now contain the oligosaccharides GOS and FOS with more of the former than the latter, the ratio being around 90% to 10%. Feeding a baby the new kind of formula feed leads to levels of acid that are more in accord with what is found with babies fed on breast milk and this reflects the improved composition of bacteria in the baby s intestines. 

Abbreviations GOS galacto-oligosaccharides, FOS fructo-oligosaccharides, AOS acidic oligosaccharides deriving from pectin, sc short chain, Ic long chain, BM breast milk. 

Coppa GV, Pierani P, Zampini L, Bruni S, Carloni I, Gabriello O. Characterization of oligosaccharides in milk and feces of breast fed infants by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Adv Exp Med Biol 2001 501 307-314. 

Table 4.15 Main oligosaccharides of breast milk and cows milk. ...

The genomic data on, for instance. Bifidobacterium longum and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, both important members of the human intestinal microflora, give an indication as to how specific bacteria are adapted to the development of the gut by specific genes enabling the use of intestinal mucins and breast milk oligosaccharides as main sources or nutrients. 

Newburg, D. S., Ruiz-Palacios, G. M., Altaye, M., Chaturvedi, P., Guerrero, M. L., Meinzen-Derr, J. K., and Morrow, A. L. (2004). Innate protection conferred by fucosylated oligosaccharides of human milk against diarrhea in breast-fed infants. Glycobiology 14, 253-263. 

Oligosaccharide difference in the DF3 sialomucin antigen from normal human milk and the BT-20 human breast carcinoma cell line. Cancer Commun. 1 261-267. 

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