Oily Waste Treatment

Oily Waste Treatment - Oi.l-water emulsion effluent streams are typically generated as a result of the following industrial activities ... 

These two oily waste treatment facilities are different in three major aspects the nature of oily waste treated, plant capacity, and retention time of waste during treatment. Not surprisingly, the effectiveness of the treatment and the chemical composition of the treated effluent were found to be quite dissimilar. 

Figure 7. HPLC chromatogram of treated effluent from U.S. Army oily waste treatment facility in Fort...

Pollutant parameters and their concentrations found in the oily waste subcategory streams are shown in Table 9.9. The oily waste subcategory for the metal finishing industry is characterized by both concentrated and dilute oily waste streams that consist of a mixture of free oils, emulsified oils, greases, and other assorted organics. Applicable treatment of oily waste streams is dependent on the concentration levels of the wastes, but oily wastes normally receive specific treatment for oil removal prior to solids removal waste treatment. 

Figure Ten (10) illustrates the application of ultrafiltration to oily waste effluent treatment.

Zaloum R, Lessard S, Mourato D, and Carriere J. Membrane bioreactor treatment of oily wastes from a metal transformation mill. Water Sci Technol. 1994 30(9) 21-27. 

J. Lindau and A. S. Jonsson, Cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes after treatment of oily waste water. Journal of Membrane Science 87, 71-78 (1994). 

In many industrialised countries oily wastes are collected and treated in commercial or public emulsion treatment centres. The supply of oil emulsions varies very considerably in type of oils, concentration, contamination with other materials, etc. Following coarse pre-filtration and decantation, oil/water emulsions can be treated very successfully with ceramic membranes. The concentrate is returned to the decanter, and microfiltered again after removal of the free oil, until all oil is removed. The extracted water can be fed into a biological treatment plant, or discharged directly, depending on the composition of the original emulsion and/or local regulations. 

Carver-Greenfield process for extraction of oily waste Chemtect gaseous waste treatment freeze separation membrane microfiltration... 

Multiyear Experience with Oily and Organic Chemical Waste Treatment Using Reverse Osmosis... 

Little information was found regarding releases of carbon disulfide to soils. Fain et al. (1987) reported 0.9 mg/L carbon disulfide (dry weight basis) in atypical refinery oily waste applied to a land treatment unit. 

Oily waste waters suitable for treatment by UF contain 0.1 to 10% oil in a stable emulsion. A limited amount of free oil can be processed but usually quantities above 1 to 5% are removed with a centrifuge prior to UF. The difficulty with free oil or unstable emulsions is that the oil accumulates at the membrane interface and may form a continuous layer which preferentially wets the membrane over water (the surface tension is lower). In this case, the membrane will pass oil and retain water. (See Chapter 2 on the bubble point test). The secret of successful UF is to maintain discrete and stable emulsoid particles of oil (generally over 0.1 m in size) which are larger than the membrane pore size (0.01 p or below). When this is the case, oil in the permeate will generally be less than 10 to 50 ppm. 

Land Farming. Land treatment is the most common method of oily solids disposal. The process is frequently referred to as land farming, as the oily waste is spread thinly, worked into the soil, fertilized, and watered. Manure or straw is added to reduce erosion lime addition reduces alkalinity. Commercially available strains of biodegrading bacteria may also be added to supplement the activity of naturally occurring strains. Because prevention of groundwater contamination is a serious concern, the same regulatory requirements applicable to landfill sites must be satisfied. 

Thompson, C.S., Stock, J., Mehta, P.L. Cost and Operating Factors for Treatment of Oily Waste... 

Application of biological contact oxidation process to the treatment of oily waste water produced from heavy oil thermal recovery... 

Chlorine dioxide is usually made on-site to bleach flour and wood pulps and for water and waste treatment and is always kept well-diluted to decrease the chances of explosion. Dichlorine heptoxide, CI2O7 or O3CIOCIO3, is a shock-sensitive, oily liquid. It is formally the acid anhydride of perchloric acid. There are no stable bromine oxides at room temperatures. Of the iodine oxides, diiodine pentoxide, I2O5, is the most important. It is used to quantitatively determine carbon monoxide concentrations by the reaction represented in Equation (18.27) ... 

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