Oils, Edible: Fish

Caustic soda solution (3) Caustic soda solution (3) Caustic soda solution (3) Caustic soda solution (3) Caustic soda solution (3) Oils, edible fish (13) Grease (inedible, yellow) (13) Lard (edible) (13) Linseed oil (raw) (13) Methylene chloride (5) ... 

Oils, Edible Fish Liquid Very high Not pertinent 0.930... 

Oils, Edible Fish Goggles or face shield. Wash with water for at least 15 minutes. 

Oils, Edible Fish Not pertinent Not pertinent None Data not available... 

Oils, edible cottonseed (13) Oils, edible fish (13)... 

Raw materials for producing fish oils include (1) pelagic-type (surface feeding) fish pursued for reduction to meal and oil (2) waste products produced at facilities that process edible fish and occasionally (3) by-catch species also netted with the primary catch. The type of processing used depends on geographic location, species of fish normally taken in the area, and whether done at an on-... 

A double bond within the terminal seven carbon atoms can be present at o>-3 or co-6. y-Linolenic acid is an a>-6 EFA and a-linolenic acid an rw-3 EFA. Other co-3 EFA are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (EX)HA), both abundant in edible fish tissues. Vegetable oils are rich in rw-6 EFA (Table 18-4). Plants contain a-linolenic acid, which can be converted in the body to EPA and DOHA, but it is found within chloroplast membranes and not in seed oils hence, it may not be available in significant quantities in the diet. The a>-3 and o)-6 EFA have different metabolic effects (see below). Particularly rich sources of EPA are fishes (e.g., salmon, mackerel, blue fish, herring, menhaden) that live in deep, cold waters. These fishes have fat in their muscles and their skin. In contrast, codfish, which have a similar habitat, store fat in liver rather than muscle. Thus, cod liver oi I is a good source of EPA, but it also contains high amounts of vitamins A and D, which can be toxic in large quantities (Chapters 38 and 37, respectively). Shellfi.sh also contain EPA. Plankton are the ultimate source of EPA. 

Based on current knowledge it is reasonable to expect a continued expansion of demand for fiidi oils rich in EPA and EHA. Successful commercial realization of this trend for comoparative economic advantages to the fi industry may hinge on the ability to use new processing technologies to produce stable, clean, edible fish oil as well as its enriched concentrates. 

Fish sterol content is relatively stable and ranges between 40 and 60 mg per 100 g edible fish muscle (Ackman, 1994 Krzynowek et al., 1990) 250 to 650 mg per 100 g roe (Sikorski et al., 1990) and 480 to 1150 mg per 100 g oil in livers of cod, herring, menhaden, and salmon (Kinsella, 1987 Kennish et al., 1992). In finfish, 95% of the total sterol is cholesterol. Shellfish usually contain two to three times more total sterol than finfish (Table 12.3). In a study of Australian seafood, the highest sterol contents (120 to 160 mg/100 g) were recorded in shellfish such as prawns, squid, octopus, and scallops (Nichols et al., 1998). In mollusks, such as the oyster Crassostrea gigas and abalone Haliotis spp., cholesterol is usually the main sterol, but a complex suite of other sterols are present (e.g., Dunstan et al., 1993 Dunstan et al., 1996). 

From a phenomenological point of view, a broader classification that would be applicable to extraction of a wider range of materials such as lignin, edible and essential oils, vitamins, fish and meat extracts would be to consider the models as... 

Edible fish oils containing long-chain n-3 PUFA can be added directly to food products, blended with other more stable vegetable oils, or be protected from oxidation by entrapment in a preformed microcapsule which is then used as an ingredient in the form of a powder. 

Untreated silica column can be advantageously used for HPLC preseparation of PAHs from triglycerides. The capacity of a silica column to retain fat (for columns of the same particle size) depends on the column size, the mobile phase composition, as well as the type and by-products (free acids and polymerized material) of the fat injected [706,713]. Off-line HPLC-HPLC, employing silica column (250 X 4.6 mm i.d., 5 pm of particle size) for sample preparation before RP-HPLC and spec-trofluorometric detection, was successfully applied for PAH determination in edible oils [659,691] and fish [714]. After PAH elution, the silica column needs to be backflushed with dichloromethane to remove the fat. The entire sample preparation step can be automated by using a backflush valve and a programmable switching valve box [691]. 

Brunner et al [1, 2] investigated separations of fatty acids according to chain length, using methyl esters of different carbon chain length from C14 to Cl8, separation of tocopherols from a by-product of the edible oil production and separation of fish oil esters [3], Stahl et al [4] proposed the supercritical fractionation of orange peel oil and Reverchon et al [5,6] of an orange flower concrete. Different authors treated citrus peel oil [7,8] and citrus oil [9-12]. 

Oleovitamins Preparations using fish liver oil, fish liver oil diluted with an edible vegetable oil, or a solution of vitamin concentrate in fish liver oil or in an edible vegetable oil. Oleovitamins were created during World War II to fill a therapeutic gap created by the interruption in cod liver oil supplies. The class became official in the second supplement to the United States Pharmacopeia XI (1942) as a source of vitamins A and... 

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