Oil spill clean

A sub-group of Environmental Industiy Associations that represents for-profit companies in North America providing solid, hazardous and medical waste collection, recycling and disposal sendees, remedial and oil spill clean-ups, and companies providing professional and consulting sendees to the industiy. 

CONCAWE Secretariat, 1974, Inland Oil Spill Clean-up Manual. Report No. 4/74, The Hague, the Netherlands. 

A. B. Nordvik, J. L. Simmons, K. R. Bitting, A. Lewis, and T. Storm-Kristiansen, Oil and water separation in marine oil spill clean-up operations. Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. 3,107-122 (1996). 

Shredded foam may be used as void liII material or thermal insulation or construchon products. Ground PS foam is used in floral vase stuffing, lawn furniture fill, and in plant nurseries as soil lightener to improve aeration. PS foam beads can also be used with concrete to make lightweight insulating material for use in highway road beds, railroad beds, and airport runways. PS foam can also be an oil spill clean-up material. 

Tests are presently underway to use jute and kenaf sorbents to remove heavy metals, pesticides, and oil from rain water run off in several cities in the United States. Medium-and high-density mats can also be used for oil spill clean up pillows. It has been shown that the core material from kenaf preferentially sorbs oil out of seawater when saturated with water. There are many other potential sorbent applications of agrofiber and core resources such as removal of dyes, trace chemicals in solvents, and in the purification of solvents. 

Kenaf is now being grown in several countries where the bast fiber is used for geotextiles and the pith is going into sorbents for oil spill clean up and animal litter. The production of pulp and paper from kenaf is growing, but it is only used for limited types of papers at present. The utilization of the whole plant of both jute and kenaf is under consideration for structural and nonstructural composites. Automotive interior door panels are now produced in Germany and the United States out of jute and kenaf bast fiber in combination with thermoplastics. 

Surfactants have very special qualities that make them invaluable to the petroleum industry. The relevance of various interfacial phenomena, such as adsorbed surfactant films, self-assembly, contact angle, wetting, foams and emulsions, in nearly every process in the industry has been discussed. In addition, this chapter summarized the importance of the adsorption and aggregation behaviour of surfactants with regard to drilling, enhanced oil recovery, antifoaming, corrosion inhibition, oil spill clean-up, oil/water separation and fluidization of highly viscous materials. 

The assessment of the practical usefulness of such systems for oil-spill clean-up is based on the following four main criteria ... 

Reynolds J. G., Coronado P. R., Hrubesh L. W. Hydrophobic aerogels for oil-spill clean up - synthesis and characterization, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 292, 127-137 (2001)... 

Teas Ch., Kalligeros S, ZanikosF., Stoumas S., Lois E., Anastopoulos G. Investigation of the effectiveness of absorbent materials in oil spills clean up, Desalination 140, 259-264 (2001)... 

Oil absorption data on several fibrous materials are presented in Table 10.10. The data for raw cotton (RC), melt blown (MBPP) and staple (SPP) polypropylene are included for comparison purposes. These fibers represent some of the fiber types used in commercial oil spill clean-up applications. The data show that compared to RC, MBPP and SPP, the shredded textile waste fibers absorb oil at a much faster rate than traditional oil-spill clean-up fibers. However, Table 10.10 also shows that the oil absorption capacities of the textile waste products, are lower... 

Manufacturing nonwovens using recycied fibers containing spandex 161 Table 10.10 Oil spill clean-up characteristics of various fibrous textile materials ... 

Applications. In addition to latex paint applications already mentioned, applications include paper (179), oil spill clean-up (180), flocculants and mineral dewatering (181), emulsion polymerization stabilizers (182), and in mixed associative thickeners in paints (183). 

The increasing trend of oil and gas activities in the Arctic offshore has raised major concerns about oil spills and their impacts on the Arctic s ecologically sensitive environment. To decrease the severity of such impacts, oil spill clean-up technologies are developed as passive barriers to oil spills. Various techniques are available for removal of offshore oil spills, such as in-situ burning, use of dispersants, and mechanical methods. Oil skimmers are one of the essential categories of mechanical recovery methods that generally are used in combination with containment booms (Fingas 2011, Potter et al. 2012). 

S. Furmanova, S. Genieva, and L. Vlaev, Obtaining and utilization of rice husks ash as a filler of polymers or adsorbent for oil spill clean-up in V.K. Takur and A.S. Singha eds.. Biomass-based biocomposites, Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd., Shawbrny United Kingdom, pp. 239-257, 2013. 

Electrospinning has the advantages of easiness, efficiency, low cost, high yield, and high degree of reproducibility of the obtained materials. Due to its inherent adaptability and applicability, the electrospinning technique can be applied to the preparation of different components for oil spill cleaning, from nonpolar polymeric absorbents to nonpolar and polar polymeric selective filtration membranes [40 4]. 

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