Oil of turpentine

Oil-free alkyds Oil from seeds Oil-in-water emulsion Oil laundering Oil length Oil mining Oil of anise Oil of bergamot Oil of eucalyptus Oil oflemon Oil of Olay Oil of Palma Christi Oil of turpentine Oil Orange Oil-pump Oil reclaiming Oil recovery... 

Camphor was originally obtained from the camphor tree Lauras eamphora in which it appeared in the optically active dextro-rotary form. Since about 1920 the racemic ( ) mixture derived from oil of turpentine has been more generally used. By fractional distillation of oil of turpentine the product pinene is obtained. By treating this with hydrochloric acid, pinene hydrochloride (also known as bomyl chloride) may be produced. This is then boiled with acetic acid to hydrolyse the material to the racemic bomeol, which on oxidation yields camphor. Camphor is a white crystalline solid (m.p. 175°C) with the structure shown in Figure 22.3. 

The first permanent images were obtained by the French landowner . N. Niepce using bitumcn-coated pewter (bitumen hardens when expo.sed to light for several hours and the unexposed portions can then be dissolved away in oil of turpentine). He then helped the portrait painter, L. J. M. Daguerre, to perfect the daguerreotype process which utilized plates of copper coated with silver sensitized with iodine vapour. The announcement of this process in 1839 was greeted with enormous enthusiasm but it. suffered from the critical drawback that each picture was unique and could not be duplicated. 

It is obtained from American turpentine as dextro-o-pinene, or from French turpentine as laevo-a-pinene. It is also obtained in a very pure form as dextro-a-pinene from Greek oil of turpentine. Optically inactive o-pinene can be obtained by regeneration from the nitrosochloride. The purest specimens of a-pinene yet obtained have the following characters —... 

In the preparation of the nitrosochloride, Wallach proposed to use pinene in glacial acetic acid and amyl nitrite. Ehestadt has recently proposed the following method, which is very simple and yields excellent results The pinene (or oil of turpentine) is diluted with its own volume of ether, the solution cooled with ice, and the gas generated hy dropping a saturated solution of sodium nitrite into concentrated hydrochloric acid passed through the solution. Fine crystals of pinene-nitrosochloride soon commence to separate out. Schimmel Co. obtained the following yields of nitrosochloride by the methods quoted —... 

To prepare natural sylvestrene, the fraction of Swedish oil of turpentine boiling between 175° to 180° is diluted with an equal volume of ether which has been previously saturated with hydrochloric acid gas. The mixture is allowed to stand for two or three days, the ether distilled off, and the residue is left in a very cold place for some months, when sylvestrene dihydrochloride is obtained. This body, CjeHig2HCl, when recrystallised from alcohol melts at 72° and has an optical rotation [a]o = + 22°. If this body be distilled with aniline it yields sylvestrene, which has the following characters —... 

Kien-ol, n. pine oil, oil of turpentine, -pech, n. pine pitch, -russ, m. pine soot (form of lampblack). -stock, m. Metal.) carcass, -teer, m. pine tar. 

Terpentin, m. turpentine, -alkohol, m. spirits (oil) of turpentine, -art, /. kind or variety of turpentine. 

Terpentin-ersatz, m. turpentine substitute, white spirit, -fimis, m. turpentine varnish, -geist, m. spirits of turpentine (oil of turpentine). 

Terpentin-harz, n. turpentine resin. -81, n. (oil of) turpentine rosin oil. -fllersatz, m. turpentine substitute, -Olfimis, m. turpentine varnish, -olseife, /. turpentine-oil soap, -pech, n. turpentine pitch, -salbe, /. turpentine ointment, -spiritus, m. = Terpen-tingeist. 

In the nineteenth century dammar, a soft resin derived from trees of southern Asia was introduced in Europe and used for making colourless varnish. Mixed with oil of turpentine it has become the preferred varnish for oil painting, due to its superior optical properties and better ageing stability than the other natural resins. 

Other lipids include steroids, such as cholesterol, and terpenes, which are plant oils such as oil of turpentine, or oil of cedar. Figure 2.22 shows the lipid glyceryl trioleate, which is present in olive oil. 

At 25 °C (g/L) acetone (2,500), alcohol (1,000), benzene (2,500), chloroform (2,000), ether (1,000), glacial acetic acid (2,500), oil of turpentine (667). Also soluble in aniline, carbon disulfide, decalin, methylhexalin, nitrobenzene, petroleum ether, tetralin, higher alcohols, in fixed and volatile oils (Windholz et al., 1983). 

Synonyms Spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine... 

Rudzki E, Berova N, Gzernielewski A, et al Gontact allergy to oil of turpentine A 10-year retrospective view. Contact Derm 24 317-318, 1991... 

According to earlier results, the solubilities at 18 °C in ethanol, ether and oil of turpentine are 0.5, 2 and 3.25 volumes of phosphine per volume of solvent, respectively Phosphine dissolves in cyclohexanol far more readily than in water. At 26 °C and a partial pressure of 766 mmHg, 2856 ml of phosphine dissolve in 1000 ml of cyclohexanol 15,900 ml of phosphine dissolve in 1 litre of trifluoroacetic acid at 26 °C and a pressure of 653 mmHg3 1. For the solubilities of phosphine in non-polar solvents see 312. jis)... 

Sodium pentahydrate is a colorless, odorless, crystalline solid density 1.69 g/cm3 decomposes around 50°C effloresces in dry air above 33°C very soluble in water and oil of turpentine insoluble in ethanol. 

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