Oil immersion microscopy

There are different types of LM bright field (dark field viewing, phase contrast, oil immersion microscopy, differential interference contrast), polarizing, and fluorescence microscopy. 

Table VII, Raymond et al. ( ) analyzed up to 400 vitrinite grains for organic sulfur content both with and without the aid of photomosaics. Using a t-statistic approach they calculated the number of analyses (n) for each run necessary to give a desired maximum variability of lOJt, at the 95% confidence level, from the true mean as defined by 100 analyses. As can be seen in Table VII, in no case was it necessary to analyze more than 14 vitrinite areas. The second advantage to analyzing only vitrinite is that Raymond et al. ( .) were able to achieve essentially identical results both with and without the use of photomosaics. Using texture and morphology to identify areas of vitrinite after the sample had been placed in the EPM was as successful as identifying the vitrinite using oil-immersion microscopy prior to analysis. It should be noted that only two of the four...

Figure 10.10 shows the experimental system of TE-CARS microscopy (Ichimura et al. 2004a). As similar to the TERS system (Hayazawa et al. 2000), the system mainly consists of an excitation laser, an inverted microscope, an AFM using a silver-coated probe, and a monochromator. Two mode-locked Ti sapphire lasers (pulse duration 5 picoseconds [ps] spectral band width 4 cm- repetition rate 80 MHz) are used for the excitation of CARS. The (o and (O2 beams are collinearly combined in time and space, and introduced into the microscope with an oil-immersion objective lens (NA = 1.4) focused onto the sample surface. As the z-polarized component of the... 

Immersion oil for microscopy Kimwipes, or equivalent lint-free tissues Lab coats... 

Small polished sections of the reaction products were prepared for reflecting-light microscopy by using Caulk Kadon or Technovit as a mounting medium. Identification of the phases either was undertaken in air or was aided by using oil immersion. In polished sections, depending on the optical properties of the phases examined, identification is often possible when as little as 0.01% of a phase is present. 

Preliminary examination of the latex involved centrifugation and optical microscopy. Only a marginal tendency to fractionate was noticed after 2 hr of centrifuging several 10-ml samples. The approximate diameter of particles separable by normal centrifuging was near 0.5 fi. An optical microscope was equipped with an oil immersion lens (1000 X) and a phase contrast stage. The polymer particles were noticeable but only marginally visible. Their diameters were near the threshold of reso-... 

USE Immersion fluid in the determination of the refractive index nf crystals. For the determination of water in ale by the cloud point method. For refractometric fat determinations. Mixed with polymerized castor oil as a genera] immersion oil in microscopy. 

USE As solvent raw material for production of benzoic acid, phthalic anhydride, isophthaLic and terephthalic acids as well as their dimethyl esters used in the manufacture of polyester fibers manuf dyes and other organics sterilizing catgut with Canada belsam as oil -immersion in microscopy clearing agent in microscope technique,... 

Confocal laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM). The micrographs were obtained by means of a Leica confocal scanning system mounted to a Leica Aristoplan. A 1 OOX oil immersion objective with the numerical aperture 1.4 was used. The standard filter settings for fluorescent excitation and emission were used. 

Direct fluorescence observations of sperm chromatin decondensation, MV binding to chromatin, and fusion processes in the sea urchin system have been performed with an upright Zeiss Standard microscope equipped with epifluores-cence. Chromatin decondensation is routinely monitored under a 40x, 0.75-mm NA, Zeiss objective, and nuclear envelope assembly under a Zeiss Neofluar lOOx, 1.3-mm NA, oil-immersion objective. Indirect immunofluorescence observations are performed using the same equipment. The microscopie should be fitted with appropriate fluorescence filter sets for the dyes used as described in Section V,A,1. 

The spatial distribution of the dye within the polymer provides information required to model the dyeing process. Confocal Raman microscopy (using an oil immersion objective) has emerged as a powerful technique to obtain accurate profiles of the dye distribution as a function of depth [148]. The technique is specifically suited to this apphcation because of the high Raman activity of azo-dyes used in the dyeing process and thus enables the dye to be detected at low concentrations. Depth profiling of polymers dyed from a supercritical solution have also been achieved with the use of photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy [149]. 

Le Coz C, Coninx D, Van Rengen A, El Aboubi S, El Bakali A, Goossens A (1998) An epidemic among laboratory technicians of occupational contact dermatitis from a reformulated immersion oil for microscopy. In Kanerva L, Lauerma A, Bjorkner F, Estlander T, Jolanki R, Hannuksela M (eds) Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of European Society of Contact Dermatitis People and Work, Research Reports 18,... 

Fig. 3. Identification of the invariant points for the solid phase in the reciprocal system (NaCl - KCl - Na2B407 - K2B4O7 - H2O) with a polarized microscopy using an oil-immersion method, (a), the invariant point (NaCl + KCl + Na2B407 IOH2O) (b), the invariant point (KCl + Na2B407 IOH2O + K2B4O7 4H2O).

The first and most obvious goal in microscopy is to magnify the image of the microorganism so that details can be easily seen by the human eye. Total magnification is the product of the contributions of the olyective lens and the ocular (eyepiece). For example, if an image is viewed with an ocular of lOx and an objective of lOOx (oil immersion), a total magnification of (10) X (100) = lOOOx is achieved. 

The technique of reflectance optical microscopy has proven to be invaluable in the analyses and characterization of fossil fuels, in particular coal materials and petroleum-containing source rocks. The technique involves the measurement of the percentage of white polarized light reflected from a polished surface of a coal specimen using oil immersion and analyzed within the microscope. This percentage value gives a measure of the aromaticity of the carbonaceous matter which constitutes coal and rock materials. Table 2.1 contains specific... 

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