Of opioid peptides

McGough, JL, Introlni-Collison, IB and Castellano, C (1993) Involvement of opioid peptides in learning and memory. In Opioids II. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 429—448. 

Douglass, J.O. Civelli, 0. Birnberg, N. Comb, M. Uhler, M. Lissitzky, J.C. and Herbert, E. Regulation of expression of opioid peptide genes. Ann Neurol 16(Supp1) S22-S30, 1984. 

Since the discovery of the enkephalins in 1975 [11] a large number of endogenous opioid peptides have been detected in mammals, and at present three distinct families of opioid peptides are known (for a review, See Ref. 12). These are the enkephalins, the endorphins (a-, (J-, and y-), and the dynorphins and neoendorphins. The recently discovered endomor-phins [13] also may represent endogenous opioid peptides. Peptides with opioid activity have also been isolated from tryptic digests of milk casein... 

Hruby VJ, Agnes RS. Conformation-activity relationships of opioid peptides with selective activities at opioid receptors. Biopolymers (Peptide Sci) 1999 51 391-410. 

Wilkes BC, Schiller PW. Molecular dynamics simulations of opioid peptide analogs containing multiple conformational restrictions. Int J Peptide Protein Res 1992 40 249-254. 

Corbett AD, Gillan MGC, Kosterlitz HW, McKnight AT, Paterson SJ, Robson LE. Selectivities of opioid peptide analogues as agonists and antagonists at the 6-receptor. Br J Pharmacol 1984 83 271-279. 

Schiller PW, Weltrowska G, Schmidt R, Berezowska I, Nguyen TM-D, Lemieux C, Chung NN, Carpenter KA, Wilkes BC. Subtleties of structure-agonist versus antagonist relationships of opioid peptides and peptidomi-metics. J Receptor Signal Transduction Res 1999 19 573-588. 

Spanagel R., Herz A., Shippenberg T. The effects of opioid peptides on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens an in vivo microdialysis study. J. Neurochem. 55 1734, 1990. 

Ni Q., Xu H., Partilla J., Costa B.D., Rice K., Rothman R. Selective labeling of K2 opioid receptors in rat brain by [125I]IOXY interactions of opioid peptides and other drugs with multiple K2a binding sites. Peptides. 14 1279, 1993. 

Gao, B., et al. Organic anion-transporting polypeptides mediate transport of opioid peptides across blood-brain barrier. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2000, 294, 73-79. 

R. T., Acyloxyalkoxy-based cyclic prodrugs of opioid peptides evaluation of their chemical and enzymatic stability as well as their transport properties across Caco-2 cell mono-layers, Pharm. Res., 1999, 36, 24-29. 

Gudmundsson, O. S., Jois, S. D., Vander Velde, D. G., Siahaan, T. J., Wang, B., Borchardt, R. T., The effect of conformation on the membrane permeation of coumarinic acid- and phenylpropionic acid-based cyclic prodrugs of opioid peptides. J. Peptide Res. 1999, 53, 383-392. 

M. Chromosomal localization of opioid peptide and receptor genes in the mouse. Life Sci 1995 56 PL369-PL375. 

KM Sivanandaiah, VV Suresh Babu, C Renukeshwar. Fmoc-amino acid chlorides in solid phase synthesis of opioid peptides. Int J Pept Prot Res 39, 201, 1992. 

C. Ampasavate, G.A. Chandorkar, D.G. Vande Velde, J.F. Stobaugh, and K.L. Audus. Transport and metabolism of opioid peptides across BeWo cells, an in vitro model of the placental barrier. Int I Pharm. 233 85-98 (2002). 

O. S. Gudmundsson, K. Nimkar, S. Gangwar, T. Siahaan, R. T. Borchardt, Phenylpro-pionic Acid-Based Cyclic Prodrugs of Opioid Peptides That Exhibit Metabolic Stability to Peptidases and Excellent Cellular Permeation , Pharm. Res. 1999, 16, 16-23. 

Khachaturian H, Lewis ME, Alessi NE, Watson SJ. (1985). Time of origin of opioid peptide-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus. J Comp Neurol. 236 538-46. 

Herman, B.H., Hammock, M.K., Arthur-Smith, A., Egan, J., Chatoor, I., Zelnik, N., Corradine, M., Appelgate, K., Boecks, R., and Sharp, S.D. (1986) Role of opioid peptides in autism effects of acute administration of naltrexone [abstract]. Soc Neurosci Abstr 12 320. 

Marchetti, B., Scifo, R., Batticane, N., and Scapagnini, U. (1990) Immunological significance of opioid peptide dysfunction in infantile autism. Brain Dysfunction 3 346-354. 

Structure-Activity Correlations of Opioid Peptide Hormones... 

Strong evidence indicates at least a familial pattern and perhaps a hereditary basis for some types of alcoholism ( 393). More recent data show that genotype accounts for approximately 33% of the overall variance in liability ( 394). In addition, specific neurocircuitry and neurochemical systems appear to be important in the etiology of alcoholism (395). Thus, positive reinforcement may be mediated by activation of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, release of opioid peptides and dopamine, inhibition of glutamate receptors, and interactions with the 5-HT system. Furthermore, neurobehavioral effects of alcohol and their association with these various neurotransmitters serve as potential targets for novel drug therapies. 

Vaught, J.L., Rothman, R.B., Westfall, T.C. Mu and delta receptors their role in analgesia in the differential effects of opioid peptides on analgesia, Life Sci. 1982, 30, 1443-1455. 

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