Of flavonoid glycosides

Cuyckens F and Claeys M. 2002. Optimization of a liquid chromatography method based on simultaneous electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and ultraviolet photodiode array detection for analysis of flavonoid glycosides. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 16(24) 2341—2348. 

Stobiecki M. 2000. Application of mass spectrometry for identification and structural studies of flavonoid glycosides. Phytochemistry 54(3) 237-256. 

It was stated that the chromatographic analysis of the flavonoid profde may help the determination of taxonomic relationships between these species [125], The optimization of the separation of flavonoid glycosides of Mentha piperita (Laminaceae) was carried out on silica, amino, cyano and C18 HPTLC statinoary phases. The investigation was motivated by the spasmolytic, carminative and cholagogue characteristics of the plant. Air-dried and powdered leaves of peppermint (300 g) were extracted with methanol-water 1 1 v/v at ambient temperature. The suspension was filtered, concentrated to 200 ml acidified to pH 3 with formic acid and separated in an ODS column (400 X 40 mm i.d. particle size 40 pm). 

I. Fecka, A. Kowalczyk and W. Cisowski, Optimization of the separation of flavonoid glycosides and rosmarinic acid from Mentha piperita on HPTLC plates. J. Plan. Chromatogr.— Mod. TLC 17 (2004) 22-25. 

Wojcicki J, Gawroska-Szkiarz B, Bieganowski W, Patalan M, Smulski HK, Samochowiec L, Zakrzewski J. (1995). Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of flavonoid glycosides of Ginkgo biloba after a single oral administration of three formulations to healthy volunteers. Materia Med Polona. 27(4) 141-46. 

An example of the separation of flavonoid glycosides by CPC is shown in Figure 1.1. The leaves of the African plant Tephrosia vogelii (Leguminosae) were first extracted with dichlor-omethane and then with methanol. Methanol extract (500 mg) was injected in a mixture of the two phases of the solvent system and elution of the three major glycosides was achieved within 3 h. ... 

NMR Spectral Data of Glycosyl Moieties of Flavonoid Glycosides Recorded in Various Solvents ... 

The purpose of the MS techniques is to detect charged molecular ions and fragments separated according to their molecular masses. Most flavonoid glycosides are polar, nonvolatile, and often thermally labile. Conventional MS ionization methods like electron impact (El) and chemical ionization (Cl) have not been suitable for MS analyses of these compounds because they require the flavonoid to be in the gas phase for ionization. To increase volatility, derivatization of the flavonoids may be performed. However, derivatization often leads to difficulties with respect to interpretation of the fragmentation patterns. Analysis of flavonoid glycosides without derivatization became possible with the introduction of desorption ionization techniques. Field desorption, which was the first technique employed for the direct analysis of polar flavonoid glycosides, has provided molecular mass data and little structural information. The technique has, however, been described as notorious for the transient... 

In parallel with these developments, other techniques have been introduced that were especially applicable to the combination of liquid chromatography with MS. The most interesting, from the point of view of structural studies of flavonoid glycosides, are thermospray (TSP) and atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods, which include electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). TSP was the first... 

Le Gall, G. et al., Characterization and content of flavonoid glycosides in genetically modified tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 2438, 2003. 

Sakushima, A., Nishibe, S., and Brandenberger, H., Negative ion desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry of flavonoid glycosides, Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom., 18, 809, 1989. 

Hvattum, E. and Ekeberg, D., Study of the collision-induced radical cleavage of flavonoid glycosides using negative electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 38, 43, 2003. 

Satterfield, M. and Brodbelt, J.S., Structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides by collision-ally activated dissociation of metal complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 12, 537, 2001. 

Classical fragmentation patterns of flavonoid glycosides, based on the consecutive losses of sugar and acylglycoside residues, enable the determination of the nature of the aglycone and the mass and sequence of its substituents. Fragmentation patterns obtained from... 

Justesen, U., Arrigoni, E., Larsen, B.R., and Amado, R., Degradation of flavonoid glycosides and aglycones during in vitro fermentation with human faecal flora, L bensmitt. Wissensch. Technol, 33, 424, 2000. 

Alaniya MD, Kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides. Chem Nat... 

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