Of alkylamines

ALkylamines are corrosive to copper, copper-containing alloys (brass), aluminum, 2inc, 2inc alloy, and galvani2ed surfaces. Aqueous solutions of aLkylamines slowly etch glass as a consequence of the basic properties of the amines in water. Carbon or stainless steel vessels and piping have been used satisfactorily for handling aLkylamines and, as noted above, some aLkylamines can act as corrosion inhibitors in boiler appHcations. 

Skin and Eye Irritation. Fatty alkylamines are generally considered to be irritating to both the skin and eyes (83). The severity or degree of irritation is usually dependent on the type of alkylamine, concentration of the chemical, time of exposure to the chemical, and sensitivity to the chemical. A small percentage of the population who come into contact with fatty amines may develop a skin hypersensitivity to certain amines and diamines. 

Alkylamines and diamines are generally classified as corrosive to the skin based on results from laboratory animal (rabbit) studies performed in accordance with the Department of Transportation (DOT) test method (84) rabbits are considered to be especially sensitive to alkylamines which even at low concentrations can induce skin redness and swelling. Oleylamine has been shown to induce mild to moderate skin irritation in laboratory rats when appHed at a concentration of 0.3% in mineral oil (Chemical Manufacturer s Association, 1985). Fatty amines which contain alkyl chains of 10—14 carbons are considered more irritating than related products which contain alkyl chains of 14—18 carbon atoms. Ethoxylation generally decreases the irritation potential of alkylamines. 

Complex nitrogen compounds are formed from the reaction of aLkylamines with ethylene oxide (61). Thus diethylamine and ethylene oxide react to yield diethylaminoethanol. The diaLkylarninoethanols can react with ethylene oxide to give amino poly(ethylene glycols) ... 

The small differences in basicity between fflumonia and alkylamines, and fflnong the various classes of alkylamines (primary, secondary, tertiary), come from a mix of effects. Replacing hydrogens of ammonia by alkyl groups affects both sides of the acid-base equilibrium in ways that largely cancel. 

We learned in the preceding section that different reactions are observed when the various classes of alkylamines—primary, secondary, and tertiary—react with nitrosating agents. Although no useful chemistr-y attends the nitrosation of tertiar y alkylamines, electrophilic aromatic substitution by nitrosyl cation ( n Q ) takes place with A,A-dialkyl-arylfflnines. 

Ammonia and other amines are good nucleophiles in SN2 reactions. As a result, the simplest method of alkylamine synthesis is by Sn2 alkylation of ammonia or an alkylamine with an alky) halide. If ammonia is used, a primary amine results if a primary amine is used, a secondary amine results and so on. Even tertiary amines react rapidly with alkyl halides to yield quaternary ammonium salts, R4N+ X-... 

Controlled Thermolysis of Silver Alkylcarboxylate in the presence of Alkylamine... 

Researchers at Lilly have prepared a series of alkylamine H3 antagonists. Examples include the amide (57), which has a of 1.05 nM and the tetra-hydroisoquinoline (58), which has a A) of 0.37 nM [132]. Both compounds are inactive at the Hi, H2, and H4 receptors. This same group also disclosed a series of azepines, represented by (59) (H3 A j = 0.85 nM) and (60) [133]. Compound (60) is reported to have 100% bioavailability and a 12.4 h half-life in rat. Related dihydroindoles such as (61) (A j = 0.5nM) and tetra-hydroquinolines were also shown to be H3 antagonists [134]. 

Alkylnickel amido complexes ligated by bipyridine have been prepared that undergo reductive elimination of V-alkyl amines (Equation (54)).207,208 Unlike the phosphine-ligated palladium arylamides, these complexes underwent reductive elimination only after oxidation to nickel(III). Thermally induced reductive elimination of alkylamines from phosphine-ligated nickel complexes appears to occur after consumption of phosphine by arylazides 209... 

More recently, reductive elimination of aryl ethers has been reported from complexes that lack the activating substituent on the palladium-bound aryl group (Equation (55)). These complexes contain sterically hindered phosphine ligands, and these results demonstrate how steric effects of the dative ligand can overcome the electronic constraints of the reaction.112,113 Reductive elimination of oxygen heterocycles upon oxidation of nickel oxametallacycles has also been reported, but yields of the organic product were lower than they were for oxidatively induced reductive eliminations of alkylamines from nickel(II) mentioned above 215-217... 

AIN, GaN, and InN are attractive materials for applications such as blue lasers and field emitters single-source precursors for these of formula [R2MNR 2]2 (R = alkyl, R = alkyl or H) have been reported.236 The reaction of alkylamines with group 13 trialkyl metal compounds affords oligomeric or polymeric ring and cage structures of metal amides and imides (see section on nitrides). 

Fig. 15 TEM image of alkylamine-stabilized Pd nanoparticles. (Adapted from [67])...

The flow-cell design was introduced by Stieg and Nieman [166] in 1978 for analytical uses of CL. Burguera and Townshend [167] used the CL emission produced by the oxidation of alkylamines by benzoyl peroxide to determine aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in chloroform or acetone. They tested various coiled flow cells for monitoring the CL emission produced by the cobalt-catalyzed oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide and the fluorescein-sensitized oxidation of sulfide by sodium hypochlorite [168], Rule and Seitz [169] reported one of the first applications of flow injection analysis (FTA) in the CL detection of peroxide with luminol in the presence of a copper ion catalyst. They... 

Amines are another important group of analytes. Mellbin and Smith [72] compared three different fluorescent reagents, dansyl chloride, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-1,2,5-oxadiazole, and o-phthaldialdehyde, for derivatization of alkylamines. The dansyl tag was found to be the most effective. Hamachi et al. [73] described the application of an HPLC-POCL method for determination of a fluorescent derivative of the synthetic peptide ebiratide. Another comparative study was done by Kwakman et al. [74], where naphthalene-2,3-dialdehyde and anthracene-2,3-dial-dehyde were evaluated as precolumn labeling agents for primary amines. The anthracene-2,3-dialdehyde derivatives were not stable, especially in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and the POCL detection of these derivatives was therefore... 

Certain specific problems arise with the use of alkylamine-substi-tuted stationary phases. Since amines are readily oxidized, degassing the mobile phase and avoiding solvents that may contain peroxides, e.g., diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, are recommended. Samples or impurities in the mobile phase containing ketone or aldehyde groups may... 

The stepwise oxidation of alkylamine, which leads to N-dealkylation, generates nitrones that form tightly bound complexes with the heme iron [48]. These heme iron complexes give rise to characteristic changes in the UV-Vis spectrum of the CYP. 

For reaction of Ph3CS0C6H4N02-/> with a series of ArNH2 in 45% dioxan / Nu is +1.5 (Ciuffarin et al., 1971). For the step in (176) with rate constant kt, / Nu is also large, +1.25 (Senatore et ah, 1971). However, reaction of a series of alkylamines, RNH2, with Ph3CSOC6H4N02-/> has a / Nu value of only +0.6 (Ciuffarin et al., 1971). Whether this large difference in / Nu actually means that the transition state is reached much earlier in terms of degree of... 

Ji X, Copenhaver D, Sichmeller C, Peng X (2008) Ligand bonding and dynamics on colloidal nanocrystals at room temperature the case of alkylamines on CdSe nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 130 5726-5735... 

The gas-phase basicity order of alkylamines can be reproduced in terms of softness of the alkyl groups (using the Fukui function and local softness parameter ), this being far more important than group electronegativity58. 

The potassium compound 19 is readily transformed into 20 (R = alkyl) by the action of alkyl halides. The products are converted into salts of alkylamines RNH2 by acidic hydrolysis50. Uses of di-t-butyl imidodicarboxylate (21) have been reviewed46. Treatment of formamide with di-t-butyl dicarbonate 22 gives the unstable formyl compound 23, which yields 21 by the action of 2-diethylaminoethylamine (equation 18)51. 

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