Octadecadienoic acid, conjugated

Oats, 162 Obesity, 531 Ochromonas danica, 36 Octadecatetraenoic acid, 165 Octacosanoic acid, 1 Octadecadienoic acids (conjugated), 53 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid stereoisomers, 4 Octadecanoic acid and esters, 1, 51,174, 179,274, 321, 344, 345, 348-57,... 

Carotene, alone and conjugated with linoleic acid (CLA), octadecadienoic acid... 

Parodi, P.W. 1977. Conjugated octadecadienoic acids of milk fat. J. Dairy Sci., 60, 1150-1153. Parodi, P.W. 1979. Stereospecific distribution of fatty acids in bovine milk fat triglycerides. J. Dairy Res., 46, 75-81. 

CLA refers to a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12 octadecadienoic acid) with a conjugated double bond system. The structure of two CLA isomers is contrasted with linoleic and vaccenic acids in Figure 3.1. The presence of CLA isomers in ruminant fat is related to the biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the rumen. Ruminant fats are relatively more saturated than most plant oils and this is also a consequence of biohydrogenation of dietary PUFAs by rumen bacteria. Increases in saturated fatty acids are considered undesirable, but consumption of CLA has been shown to be associated with many health benefits, and food products derived from ruminants are the major dietary source of CLA for humans. The interest in health benefits of CLA has its genesis in the research by Pariza and associates who first demonstrated that... 

Jiang, J., Bjoerck, L., Fonden, R., Emanuelson, M. 1996. Occurrence of conjugated cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid in bovine milk Effects of feed and dietary regimen. J. Dairy Sci. 79, 438-445. 

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a generic name for a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (9c, 12c-octadecadienoic acid, 08 2) with conjugated double bonds at 7 and 9, 8 and 10, 9 and 11,10 and 12,11 and 13, or 12 and 14 positions. This fatty acid, carried out by rumen bacteria in the ruminal process, arises along a stepped pathway and ends with the full saturation of linoleic acid into stearic acid. These naturally occurring groups of dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid (LA) are incorporated into the fat in beef and the milk of ruminants before the saturation process has been completed. Food products from ruminants, particularly... 

Fatty acids with two or more conjugated double bonds are found in some plants and animals. In tissues of ruminant animals (and, hence, in meat and dairy products), fatty acids with conjugated diene system were detected as intermediates or by-products in the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by microorganisms in the rumen. The main isomer, 9-cis, ll-fran -octadecadienoic acid, may account for up to 1% of the total fatty acids of milk fat. 9-cis, ll-fran5-15-cw-octadecatrienoic acid, derived from a-linolenic acid, is present in ruminant tissues only in trace levels. This fatty acid has been shown to have several medical properties, especially anti-cancer and anti-atherosclerosis effects. 

The only conjugated dienoic fatty acid isolated from plant sources (the seed oil of Chilopsis linearis) is reported to be trans-lO, trans-12-octadecadienoic acid. In contrast, fatty acids with conjugated triene systems have been detected in various plant species. Tung oil is the commercial source of the most widespread fatty acid from this group, 9-cis, W-trans, I i-trans-octadecatrienoic (a-eleostearic) acid (1, 2). 

Industrial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a poorly defined blend of compounds (102). Early commercial syntheses focused on maximizing total CLA content. Many early products were rich in CLA but contained a number of positional isomers. Market demand has now shifted for a product that contains two predominant isomers, specifically 9,ll-c,t-octadecadienoic acid and 10,12-tc-octadecadienoic acid. It is not surprising that alkali isomerization produced some undesirable positional isomers of CLA. In 1970, Mounts and Dutton (103) had shown unequivocally that when potassium t-butoxide was used, at least four positional isomers of CLA were produced. It was not until 1997, after the use of CLA as a dietary supplement... 

Yurawecz, M.P., Roach, J.A.G., Sehat, N., Mossoba, M.M., Kramer, J.K.G., Fritsche, J., Steinhart, H., and Ku, Y. 1998. A new conjugated linoleic acid isomer, 7 trans, 9 cw-octadecadienoic acid, in cow milk, cheese, beef and human milk and adipose tissue. Lipids 33, 803-809. 

Dienoyl-CoAs might be generated fortuitously by A, A -enoyl-CoA isomerase acting on 2,5-dienoyl-CoAs that are normal P-oxidation intermediates of unsaturated fatty acids with odd-numbered double bonds. However, 3,5-dodecadienoyl-CoA is an obligatory metabolite of 9-cis,ll-trans-octadecadienoic acid, also referred to as conjugated linoleic acid, which is a minor fatty acid of the human diet. 

CCRIS 7064 Conjugated linoleic acid Octadecadienoic acid 9,11 (or 10,12)-Octadeoadienoic acid Octadeca-dienoic acid, conjugated. 

Dehydration of unsaturated alcohols is important only in special cases, since such starting materials are difficultly accessible. According to Scheiber,104 octadecadienoic acid can be prepared by dehydration of ricinoleic acid owing to its conjugated double bonds it is a valuable starting material for synthetic drying oils of tung oil type. 

As the result of feeding cows encapsulated fat, desirable milk fat modification can be obtained so that the PEFA in fat are limited. A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), also referred to as rumen acid cis-9, trans-11 -octadecadienoic acid), is a nutritionally important fat component. If present in the human diet, this acid prevents obesity,... 

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