Occupational exposures to pesticides

Hawthorne, A., et al. (1987) Models for estimating organic emissions from building materials formaldehyde example. Atmos. Environ. 21, No. 2. Lewis, R. G., et al. (1986) Monitoring for non-occupational exposure to pesticides in indoor and personal respiratory air. Presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Minneapolis, MN. 

Freed, V.H., Davies, J.E., Peters, L.J., and Parveen, F. (1980) Minimizing occupational exposure to pesticides repellency and penetrability of treated textiles to pesticide sprays, Res. Rev., 75 159-167. 

Franklin, C. (1985) Occupational exposure to pesticides and its role in risk assessment procedures used in Canada, in Dermal Exposure Related to Pesticide Use, Honeycutt, R., Zweig, G., and Ragsdale, N.N., Eds., ACS Symposium Series No. 273, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 

Fenske, R.A. (1990) Nonuniform dermal deposition patterns during occupational exposure to pesticides, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 19 332-337. 

Davis, J.E. (1980) Minimizing occupational exposure to pesticides personal monitoring, Residue Rev., 75 33-50. 

Whitmore RW, Immerman FW, Camann DE et al. 1994. Non-occupational exposures to pesticides for residents of two U.S. cites. Arch Environ Contamin Toxic 25(l) 47-59. 

Knaak, J. B. Minimizing occupational exposure to pesticides Techniques for establishing safe levels of foliar... 

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides Report to the Federal Working Group on Pest Management from the Task Group on Occupational Exposure to Pesticides. Milby, T. H. (Chairman),January 1974, 155 pp. 

The attention of those concerned with occupational exposure to pesticides has turned from immediate acute effects to chronic effects. The California regulations lists chronic health effects as a criteria for special reentry studies. The EPA, in their first public draft of reentry guidelines, also lists chronic effects as a criteria to be utilized in setting reentry intervals. One problem with this is determining what constitutes a chronic health effect and what information should be used It is clear that animal studies which unequivocably demonstrate onco-... 

The principle public concern with regard to risk from herbicide application in the forest is not the overt, or occupational, exposure to pesticide applicators or to persons who might be in the spray zone. It is the possible injury from pesticide drift at a distance of a few hundred yards or a quarter of a mile, up to 5 to 20 miles. All aerially-applied pesticides will drift for some distance, whether they be applied by fixed-wing craft or helicopter. 

USEPA (2001) Draft protocol for measuring children s non-occupational exposure to pesticides by all relevant pathways. Research Triangle Park, NC, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (EPA/600/R-03/026). 

WHO. 1982. World Health Organization. Recommended health-based limits in occupational exposure to pesticides. WHO Tech Rep Ser 677 1-110. 

Yoder J, Watson M, Benson WW. 1973. Lymphocyte chromosome analysis of agricultural workers during extensive occupational exposure to pesticides. Mutat Res 21 335-340. 

The exposure metrics in studies of effects in children exposed as a result of then-parent s occupational exposure to pesticides are frequently based on pesticide use records or on questionnaire data, rather than on actual measurements of pesticide exposure in children (Kristensen et al, 1996 Garry et al 1996). 

Air sampling for occupational exposure to pesticides normally consists of measurement of pesticide concentrations in the worker s breathing zone, with a portable air-sampling pump and a sampling train which includes some type of collection device. The latter device, or sampling media, selected are based on the physical and chemical properties of the compound to be measured. Field workers may be exposed to chemical vapors, solid particulates or water-based aerosols. Examples of sampling media include membrane filters, sorbent tubes, polyurethane foam and charcoal. A discussion of pesticide exposure provides a useful review of methods for respiratory exposure measurement (Nigg etal, 1990). 

OECD (1997). Guidance Document for the Conduct of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides during Agricultural Application, OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications,... 

De Cock, J., K. Westveer, D. Heederik, E. te Velde and R. van Kooij (1994). Time to pregnancy and occupational exposure to pesticides in fruit growing in the Netherlands, Occup. Environ. Med., 51, 693-699. 

OECD (1997). Guidance Document for the Conduct of Studies of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides During Agricultural Application, OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 9 OECD/GD(97)148, Paris, France (website http /www.olis.oecd.org/olis/1997doc.nsf/). 

TNG, Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in Agriculture, Part TV Protocol for the Use of Generic Exposure Data, TNO Report No. V96. 120, Nntrition and Food Research Institnte, Rijswijk, The Netherlands, 1996. 

Heavy - generally not applicable to occupational exposure to pesticides... 

Freed V. H., Davies, J. E. Peteis, L. J. and F. Parveen, Mininiziing Occupational Exposure to Pesticides Repellency and Penetrability of Treated Textiles to Pesticide Sprays, Pesticide Reviews, 75, pp. 159-167, 1980. 

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