Observation of Internal States

Observation of internal events is often unreliable and difficult. Focusing on external behavior or physiological changes is useful, but experiential data are primary in d-SoCs. We must develop a more precise language for communicating about such data. 

Observing oneself means that the overall system must observe itself. Thus, in the conservative view of the mind self-observation is inherently limited, for the part cannot comprehend the whole and the characteristics of the parts affect their observation. In the radical view, however, in which awareness is partially or wholly independent of brain structure, the possibility exists of an Observer much more independent of the structure. 

One reaction to this has been behaviorism, which ignores men- 

If we are to understand d-SoCs, introspection must become an important technique in psychology in spite of the difficulties of its application. I have primarily used peoples reports of their internal experiences in developing the systems approach, even though these reports are undoubtedly affected by a variety of biases, limitations, and inadequacies, for such reports are the most relevant data for studying d-SoCs. 

The existence of the Observer or Witness is a reality to many people, especially those who have attempted to develop such an Observer by practicing meditative disciplines, and I shall treat it as an experiential reality. 

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The intact ego state and the restructuralized ego state seem to correspond to bounded regions of experiential space, d-SoCs, but it is not clear whether the destructuralized ego state represents a d-SoC or merely a period of unstable transition between the b-SoC of the intact state (ordinary consciousness) and the d-ASC of the restructuralized state (a sleep state).We need more data about the condition they have labeled destructuralized before we can decide whether it meets our criteria for a d-SoC. The later discussions of induction of a d-ASC, transitional phenomena, and the observation of internal states clarify the question we are considering here. 

Motivated by the qualitative observations made above, a set of internal state variables deseribing the internal strueture of the material will be intro-dueed ab initio, denoted eolleetively by k. Their physieal meaning or preeise properties need not be established at this point, and they may inelude sealar, veetor, or tensor quantities. The following eonstitutive assumptions are now made ... 

Using fs laser excitation at 620 nm, a 2PC in Y of 0.5ps [399] implicates hot electrons, probably thermalized at Te, as the mechanism for desorption induced by the fs laser (Section 2.6.2). Rotational state distributions are nearly Boltzmann characterized by Tf. The 2PC of internal state distributions was also obtained. Rather surprisingly, significant differences in these 2PC were obtained for T and the state-resolved yield for the two spin-orbit states and this was qualitatively rationalized by a DIMET picture [399]. Where overlap in experiments exist, the qualitative results are similar to those for fs laser induced desorption of NO/Pd(lll) [400,401]. For this latter system, the absolute yield Y is large at typical fluencies used in the experiments and a very hot vibrational distribution was observed (Tv = 2900 K). 

The emphasis on public observations in science has had a misleading quality insofar as it implies that any intelligent man can replicate a scientists observations. This may have been true early in the history of science, but nowadays only the trained observer can replicate many observations. I cannot go into a modern physicist s laboratory and confirm his observations, indeed, his talk of what he has found in his experiments (physicists seem to talk about innumerable invisible entities) would probably seem mystical to me, just as descriptions of internal states sound mystical to those with a background in the physical sciences.X41... 

In chapter 3, the model was evaluated and examined, which was proposed in chapter 2. Firstly, parameter identification method was proposed based on mechanism. We can identify adsorption parameter and dissociation parameter by observing the deformation response of the beam-shaped gel in uniform electric field. The tip position and orientation of beam-shaped gel is a function of internal state of the whole gel. Therefore, we can identify parameters through observation of the tip. Secondly, the method was extended to calibrate the parameters. Adsorption parameter mainly affects the deformation speed of the material, which also scatters. Two methods were considered in order to calibrate reaction parameter. One is to estimate it by the deformation response of the gel for a given period of time. Another is to do it by the time required to deform into the particular shape of the gel. Thirdly, the resolution was changed to digitize spatial and temporal variables. The convention deformable objects must be modeled with minute elements was broken down. It was made clear that beam-shaped gel whose length is 16 mm could be approximated into multi-link mechanism whose links are 1 mm in length. 

For many reaction products and for the detection of molecules in their ground vibrational level, some laser-based spectroscopic method must be employed, rather than observation of spontaneous emission. The simplest spectroscopic method for detemiining concentrations of specified product internal states would involve the... 

The occurrence of predissociation opens up a new family of observable quantities. It is possible to measure not only linewidths or lifetimes, but also the internal state distributions of the fragments. All these quantities are sensitive to the intennolecular potential and can be used to test or refine proposed potential surfaces. 

Electrodeposits are usually in a state of internal stress. Two types of stress are recognised. First order, or macro-stress, is manifest when the deposit as a whole would, when released from the substrate, either contract (tensile stress) or expand (compressive stress) (Fig. 12.12). Second order or microstress, occurs when individual grains or localities in the metal are stressed, but the signs and directions of the micro-stresses cancel on the larger scale. The effects of first order stress are easily observed by a variety of techniques. 

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