Multi-link Mechanism

Thirdly, the discrete model was extended to mechanical models, multi-link mechanism (kinematic model) and deformable objects (dynamic model) to consider design parameters and boundary condition of the gels. If one side of the gel is fixed, the former kinematic model is selected. If both sides of the gel are free... 

In chapter 3, the model was evaluated and examined, which was proposed in chapter 2. Firstly, parameter identification method was proposed based on mechanism. We can identify adsorption parameter and dissociation parameter by observing the deformation response of the beam-shaped gel in uniform electric field. The tip position and orientation of beam-shaped gel is a function of internal state of the whole gel. Therefore, we can identify parameters through observation of the tip. Secondly, the method was extended to calibrate the parameters. Adsorption parameter mainly affects the deformation speed of the material, which also scatters. Two methods were considered in order to calibrate reaction parameter. One is to estimate it by the deformation response of the gel for a given period of time. Another is to do it by the time required to deform into the particular shape of the gel. Thirdly, the resolution was changed to digitize spatial and temporal variables. The convention deformable objects must be modeled with minute elements was broken down. It was made clear that beam-shaped gel whose length is 16 mm could be approximated into multi-link mechanism whose links are 1 mm in length. 

Mechanical processes are described in Newtonian equation. It is common that deformable object must be consisting of minute element. On the contrary to this convention, it was shown that the required resolution of the model is really rough. For example, the beam-shaped gel of 16 mm long can be represented as multi-link mechanism with 16 links. 

Because of the lack of quantum mechanical interference effects classical mechanics is well suited for the treatment of direct dissociation. Very few trajectories actually suffice to construct the rotational and the vibrational excitation functions which establish the unique relation between (ro,7o) and (n,j). /(70) and N(ro) are the links between the multi-dimensional PES on one hand and the final state distributions on the other. 

The oxidation of -butane to maleic anhydride is a 14-electron oxidation. It involves the abstraction of eight hydrogen atoms, the insertion of three oxygen atoms, and a multi-step polyfunctional reaction mechanism that occurs entirely on the adsorbed phase. No intermediates have been observed under standard continuous flow conditions, although mechanisms for this process have been proposed based on a variety of experimental and theoretical findings. The description of the active site is linked to the mechanism and is the subject of considerable debate in the literature. The mechanisms are linked to the researchers hypotheses of the active site, which will be discussed in a separate section in this chapter. It is widely accepted that the (100) plane of vanadyl pyrophosphate, (VO)2P207, (referred to as the (020) plane by certain authors) plays an important role in the selective oxidation of butane. 

It is fair to say from the above discussions that the distance dependence of ET dynamics has been extensively measured and explained in terms of the superexchange (TB) mechanism. These investigations, involving covalently linked multi-chromophoric systems, have also shed light on aspects of the mechanism of the... 

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