Nutrients marine

Zweifel, U. L., B. Norrman, and A. Hagstrom. 1993. Consumption of dissolved organic carbon by marine bacteria and demand for inorganic nutrients. Marine Ecology Progress Series 101 23-32. 

Jonsson, P., Carman, R., 1994. Changes in deposition of organic matter and nutrients. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 28 (7), 417 426... 

Gowen, R.J., Mills, D.K., Trimmer, M. and Nedwell, D.B. (2000) Production and its fate in two coastal regions of the Irish Sea the influence of anthropogenic nutrients. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 208, 51-64. 

Paasche, E. (1973) Silicon and the ecology of marine plankton diatoms. I. Thalassiosire psuedonana (Cyclotella nana) grown in a chemostat with silicate as a limiting nutrient. Marine Biology, 19, 117-126. 

Gilles de Pelichy, L. D. Adams, C. Smith, E. T. Analysis of the Essential Nutrient Strontium in Marine Aquariums by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, /. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1192-1194. 

The cycles of carbon and the other main plant nutrients are coupled in a fundamental way by the involvement of these elements in photosynthetic assimilation and plant growth. Redfield (1934) and several others have shown that there are approximately constant proportions of C, N, S, and P in marine plankton and land plants ("Redfield ratios") see Chapter 10. This implies that the exchange flux of one of these elements between the biota reservoir and the atmosphere - or ocean - must be strongly influenced by the flux of the others. 

The atmosphere may be an important transport medium for many other trace elements. Lead and other metals associated with industrial activity are found in remote ice caps and sediments. The transport of iron in wind-blown soil may provide this nutrient to remote marine areas. There may be phosphorus in the form of phosphine, PH3, although the detection of volatile phosphorus has not been convincingly or extensively reported to date. 

Trace metals can serve as essential nutrients and as toxic substances (Sunda et al, 1991 Frausto da Silva and Williams, 1991). For example, cobalt is a component of vitamin B-12. This vitamin is essential for nitrogen fixing algae. In contrast, copper is toxic to marine phytoplankton at free ion concentrations similar to those found in seawater (Sunda and... 

Oceanic surface waters are efficiently stripped of nutrients by phytoplankton. If phytoplankton biomass was not reconverted into simple dissolved nutrients, the entire marine water column would be depleted in nutrients and growth would stop. But as we saw from the carbon balance presented earlier, more than 90% of the primary productivity is released back to the water column as a reverse RKR equation. This reverse reaction is called remineralization and is due to respiration. An important point is that while production via photosynthesis can only occur in surface waters, the remineralization by heterotrophic organisms can occur over the entire water column and in the underlying sediments. 

Ocean prevents eutrophication. Much more water flows into the Mediterranean Sea than is required to replace evaporation from it. The excess, high salinity water exits Gibraltar below the water flowing in af fhe surface. Nufrients that enter the Mediterranean Sea from pollution sources are utilized by marine phytoplankton that sinks and exits with the outflow. Another example is that estuaries often have lower salinity or even freshwater at the surface with a denser saline layer at the bottom. An estuarine circulation occurs with nutrients being trapped in the saline bottom water. 

Berman SS (1985) Marine biological reference materials for trace metals. In Wolf WR, ed. Biological Reference Materials Availability, Uses and Need for Validation of Nutrient Measurement, pp 79-88. John Wiley and Sons, New York... 

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